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  • SPACE RADIATION  (12)
  • 1970-1974  (12)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The dependence of the thickness of the helium-enriched shell on the longitudinal position of the parent flares is considered along with the large-scale configuration of the expanding shell in interplanetary space. It is found that shock waves, magnetic bottles, and helium-enriched shells appear to expand eastwards of the meridian plane which crosses the flare region. It seems that the formation of the observed pattern of the shells is influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field between the sun and the earth.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature Physical Science; 246; Dec. 3
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  • 2
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two shock-like structures (i.e., abrupt step-like increases in number density, bulk speed, and proton temperature) were found in the data from Mariner 5 at 0.98 AU on June 26 and at 0.85 AU on Aug. 29, 1967. The thickness of these 'structures' determined from the magnetic field data was more than 1000 proton Larmor radii. They were also observed by Explorer 33, 34, and 35 at 1 AU, where the thicknesses were much smaller than in the Mariner 5 data. It is suggested that these two structures were nonlinear magnetoacoustic waves that were in the processes of steepening. It is further suggested that shocks would be formed just beyond 1 AU. These structures were not associated with corotating streams, but they could be associated with impressive solar events in which a flare was followed by type 2 and type 4 radio emission and a rare chromospheric wave.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The earth's bow shock has been investigated as a magnetohydrodynamic discontinuity using the plasma and magnetic data supplied by the European satellite Heos 1. The jumps of the fluid parameters through the shock have been studied as a function of the Mach number and of the geometry of the shock surface. The solar wind specific heat ratio has been found to be equal to 1.75 or 2.25, depending on the presence or absence of upstream waves. Computations of the shock velocity performed for 23 crossings gave an average speed of about 85 km/sec.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; July 1
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The heating of solar-wind protons cannot be explained by the thermalization of those protons arising from the ionization of neutral hydrogen atoms traveling in the general direction of the sun. By requiring the heating to satisfy the experimental results of the T sub p versus V sub sw correlation, an efficiency function of thermalization of these incoming protons is obtained, and a value of the 'hot component' of the hydrogen population is about 0.05 per cu cm near 1 AU. This hot component hydrogen density is too high compared to recent estimates by satellite experiments of Lyman alpha radiation and other experiments, and therefore the suggested solar-wind heating mechanism is unimportant in explaining the T sub p versus V sub sw correlation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 77; Nov. 1
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: On day 84, 1969, the HEOS 1 satellite observed a shock pair connected with a plasma bulk velocity increase from 400 to approximately 750 km/sec. Both shocks were fast shocks. The forward shock had a Mach number of 1.7, the reverse shock had M(fast) = 1.4. The time interval between the two shocks was 7 hrs, 10 min. The time delay between HEOS 1 and Explorer 35 reverse shock observation (20 + or - 6 min) agrees with the computed time delay (11 + or - 4 min).
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Solar Wind; p 435-442
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  • 6
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Probable reverse and forward slow shocks were found in plasma and magnetic-field data from Pioneer 6. The shocks were oblique and weak (Mach of approximately 1.2). No reverse fast shocks were found. Numerous (50) other discontinuities were found, most of which are probably tangential, since all the plasma parameters changed across most of them.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 76; Nov. 1
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Reverse and forward slow shocks in solar wind from Pioneer 6 space probe
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-65489 , X-692-71-66
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  • 8
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Slow mode shocks in interplanetary space detected by Mariner 5 spacecraft 3.5 and 27 million km from earth
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A total of 93 SSC's were examined during the four year period from 1968 to 1971 at and near the peak of the solar activity cycle. Of the 93 SSC's 81 could be associated with solar activity, such as solar flares and radio bursts of Type II and Type IV. The mean propagation speeds of these flare-associated events ranged from 400 to 1000 km/sec with an average speed of 600-700 km/sec. Disturbances associated with 48 of the SSC's have been studied in detail using the corresponding interplanetary (IP) magnetic field, and plasma data when they were available. It was found that 41 of the 48 disturbances corresponded to IP shock waves, and the remaining seven events were tangential discontinuities. Thirty percent of the IP shocks had thick structure (i.e. the magnetic field jump across the shock occurred over a distance much greater than 50 proton Larmor radii). Also given is a statistical study of the gross geometry of a typical or average shock surface based on multiple spacecraft sightings and their relative orientation with respect to the solar flare. It is suggested that a typical shock front propagating out from the sun at l AU has a radius of curvature on the order of l AU. Also given are some general properties of oblique IP flare-shocks.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70499 , X-692-73-322 , Conference on Flare-produced Shock Waves in the Corona and Interplanetary Space; Sep 11, 1972 - Sep 14, 1972; Boulder, CO; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The flare-associated interplanetary shock observed by Explorer 33 and Pioneer 7 is analyzed to yield an estimation of the ecliptic plane geometry of the shock surface near 1 AU. These spacecraft were separated by 23 deg in the heliocentric longitude and Pioneer 7 was at a distance of 1.12 AU from the sun. Although a data gap occurred at the apparent time of passage of the disturbance at Pioneer 6, which was 85 deg in heliocentric longitude from Pioneer 7 and at 0.83 AU, the recovered data did suggest such a passage. A consistent picture of the shock propagation is given to explain the difference in arrival times at Pioneers 6, 7, and Explorer 33 and the difference of the shock normals observed by Pioneer 7 and Explorer 33. The average shock speed from the sun to each spacecraft and the local speed at Explorer 33 and their relations to the position of the initiating solar flare are obtained and discussed. In the region of space between the earth and Pioneer 7 the shock surface radius of curvature in the ecliptic plane was 0.4 AU or less.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66115 , X-692-72-433 , Conf. on Flare-Produced Shock Waves in the Corona and Interplanetary Space; Sep 11, 1972 - Sep 14, 1972; Boulder, CO; United States
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