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  • Articles  (2,139)
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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,139)
  • 1970-1974  (763)
  • 1965-1969  (714)
  • 1960-1964  (662)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 3 (1969), S. 69-81 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Heparin-coated surfaces exhibit prolonged compatibility with blood in vitro and in vivo. Deposition of platelets occurs on heparinized surfaces and results in thrombocytopenia, if the surface area is sufficient. Interaction of platelets with heparin-coated materials appears to depend on a protein intermediate. Precoating of heparinized surfaces with fibrinogen solutions, platelet-free plasma, serum, or exhausted or bentonite-adsorbed plasma does not protect against platelet interaction but incubation in albumin reduces platelet adsorption. The behavior of platelets in respect to protein-coated heparinized surfaces parallels the selective adsorption of specific proteins by platelets in suspension.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 2111-2116 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A rigorous procedure for reducing gel permeation chromatography elution data to differential molecular weight distribution curves is discussed and demonstrated by two sample calculations. The errors introduced by failure to correct the ordinates of the elution curve by means of a differential calibration curve are identified, and a simple graphical conversion procedure is illustrated.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 1 (1970), S. 83-89 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the extrudability of face-centered cubic metalsPart I represents investigations of the behaviour of the interface during the extrusion of lead and lead alloys. The alloying tendency (welding) and the coefficient of friction μ do not show any relationship to the power requirements during the process of extrusion. Due to the high pressure inside the extrusion presses an interfacial movement (friction) can take place only if the coefficient of friction is in the range of μ ≦ 0,001. By knowing the normal pressure and the shear strength of the material the coefficient of friction for slip-stick conditions can be determined from a chart. The dynamic friction is presented as the shearing off of the interfacial contact points and the stationary friction as the creep of these contact points. Attempts to calculate the power requirements of industrial presses on the basis of the shear strength of the material and shear area were successful.
    Notes: Teil I behandelt Untersuchungen des Verhaltens der Grenzschicht Pressenwerkstoff  -  Preßwerkstoff beim Strangpressen von Blei und Blei-Legierungen. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Legierungstendenz (Verschweißung) sowie der Reibungskoeffizient in keinerlei Beziehungen zu dem Kraftbedarf beim Strangpressen stehen. Bei den in den Pressen herrschenden hohen Drücken kann eine Grenzschichtengleitung (Reibung) nur stattfinden, wenn der Reibungskoeffizient Werte von μ ≦ 0,001 annimmt. Eine Methode wurde ausgearbeitet, nach der bei bekanntem Normaldruck auf die Rezipientenwand und gegebener Scherfestigkeit eines Werkstoffes der Grenzwert des Reibungskoeffizienten der Gleitung - Haftung berechnet werden kann. Die Reibung der Gleitung wird als ein Abschervorgang der sich berührenden Spitzen und die Reibung der Ruhe als ein Kriechvorgang dieser Spitzen beschrieben. Versuche, den Kraftbedarf von industriemäßigen Pressen aufgrund der Scherfläche und des Scherwiderstandes des zu verpressenden Materials vorauszusagen, waren erfolgreich.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 1 (1970), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the extrudability of face-centred cubic metalsPart II: During continuous extrusion at certain intervals dry oxides are discharged. This is explained with the aid of rheological investigations. If a shearing device according to DIN standard is used the results may show errors in a range of 70% and more. A new device is described which avoids this source of error.The shear strength of high purity aluminium was determined at various temperatures and rates of deformation. Investigations were conducted under similar conditions on the extrusion of aluminium and a relationship between shear strength and power requirement was established. On this basis the power requirement to extrude new alloys may be predicted by comparing the shear strength of this alloy with the shear strength of an alloy whose extrudability is known.Direct extrusion experiments under isothermal conditions were conducted in the reduction range R = 1.2-300. The linear relationship in double logarithmic scale exists only in the range of R = 4-40. Indirect extrusion experiments also showed a linear relationship below the reduction rate R = 4 in a logarithmic scale. It was found that during indirect extrusion a dead metal zone is also formed and this explains the divergence of the found pressure distribution from the theoretical values.The normal pressure of the container was measured at a number of points at various temperatures and reduction rates. In the range of 150°-170°C peculiar unsteadiness occured. Normal pressure on the change of the velocity of extrusion was investigated with the aid of a stepped-down die and a strong dependence was found. A device was developed to compare the plasticity of cubic face centered metals, and it was found that the maximum plasticity is reached at 90% of the melting point in degrees absolute.Efficiency investigations during extrusion showed that the power consumption required to overcome the radial shear in continuous extrusion is 60% to 77%, whereas the power required to overcome the total shear in extrusion in a piston driven press is 94% to 87%.Extrusions inside a calorimeter showed, on the basis of mechanothermodynamic conversion, that 85% to 94% of the power was used for the deformation of the metal.
    Notes: Das beim kontinuierlichen Strangpressen periodisch auftretende Ausstoßen von trockenen Oxiden ist auf rheologischer Basis erklärt worden. Bei der Anwendung des nach DIN vorgeschriebenen Gerätes zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit treten Fehlmessungen von 70% und mehr auf. Ein neues Gerät wurde konstruiert, um dieses zu vermeiden. Bestimmung der Scherfestigkeit von hochreinem Aluminium bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Schergeschwindigkeiten und die Beziehung zum Verpressen bei ähnlichen Bedingungen wurden aufgestellt. Voraussage des Kraftbedarfes zum Verpressen neuentwickelter Legierungen aufgrund des Vergleiches der Scherfestigkeit dieser Legierungen mit der Scherfestigkeit verpressungsmäßig bekannter Legierungen ist möglich.Isothermische Vorwärtsverpressungs-Untersuchungen von Aluminium in den Reduktionsgrenzen von R = 1,2 bis 300 sind beschrieben. Das lineare Verhältnis in doppelt-logarithmischer Darstellung besteht nur zwischen R=4 bis R=40. Beim indirekten Verpressen wurde gefunden, daß auch unterhalb des Reduktionsverhältnisses R = 4 eine lineare Beziehung in einfach-logarithmischer Darstellung besteht. Es wurde gefunden, daß-beim indirekten Verpressen sich ebenfalls eine “dead metal zone” ausbildet, und dieses erklärt die Abweichung des Druckverlaufes von dem theoretischen Wert.Der Normaldruck auf die Rezipientenwand wurde an mehreren Stellen durch Seitenverpressung bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Reduktionsverhältnissen bestimmt. In dem Gebiet 150° bis 170°C zeigen sich eigenartige Unstetigkeiten. Die Änderung des Normaldruckes als Funktion der Gechwindigkeitsänderung wurde in einer abgestuften Matrize untersucht. Es zeigte sich eine starke Abhängigkeit. Ein Gerät wurde entwickelt, um die temperaturbedingte Plastizität kubisch-flächenzentrierter Metalle zu messen, und es zeigte sich, daß ein Maximum bei 90% der Schmelztemperatur in ∘K lag.Untersuchungen des Wirkungsgrades von Strangpressen zeigte, daß der radiale Scherkraftverbrauch bei kontinuierlicher Verpressung bei etwa 60% bis 77% liegt, während der Gesamtscherkraftverbrauch bei Kolbenpressen sich auf 94% bis 87% beläuft.Verpressungen in einem Kalorimeter ergaben nach mechanothermischen Umrechnungen, daß während des Verpressens 85%-94% der Kraft zur Deformationsarbeit verwandt wird.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 301-303 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A careful solvent-exchange procedure followed by liquid-phase reaction of ethyleneimine with cellulose film in a nonpolar solvent provides an effective method of uniformly aminoethylating cellulose. The protonated aminoethyl groups on the cellulose can then ionically bind heparin, a blood anticoagulant. Heparinized aminoethylated cellulose tubing at low levels of aminoethylation (ca. 0.2-0.3% nitrogen) exhibited excellent antithrombogenic properties as well as excellent mechanical strength properties. The in vitro tests demonstrated indefinitely long whole-blood clotting times with normal thrombin times. In the in vivo experiments, the heparinized aminoethylated cellulose tubing provided extended patency when implanted intravascularly in the regions of low blood flow rate (infra renal inferior vena cava of dogs). A principal use of this film is in the artificial kidney.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 (1974), S. 341-356 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: An in vitro test cell is described which permits exposure of artificial surfaces in sheet or film form to native human blood in the absence of a blood-air interface. Evaluation of Cuprophane, polyethylene, Silastic, and silicone-coated glass in the in vitro cell showed Cuprophane and silicone-coated glass to produce the least activation of the intrinsic coagulation system, while Silastic produced the greatest degree of activation. Polyethylene gave results intermediate between those obtained with the other materials. Each of these four different materials was evaluated in the elliptical cell test system multiple times with blood from 13 different donors.Our data suggest that with the present test system and the proper experimental design, one might expect that, “on the average,” performance of 36 tests on each of two materials will be sufficient for a 10% difference in their compatibility with blood to be statistically significant at the 5% level. The number of tests is 26 for significance at the 10% level.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Im Temperaturbereich von 60 bis 100°C wird die radikalische Polymerisation von Styrol, Methylmethacrylat und Acrylnitril von α.α′-Dicyanodibenzylen ausgelöst, die in α-und α′-Stellung mit Ester-, Nitril-, Amid- oder Phenylgruppen disubstituiert sind. Bei 100 bis 110°C ist auch das α.α.α′.α′-Tetracarboxymethyldibenzyl aktiv. Vinylacetat und Vinylchlorid werden durch diese Initiatoren kaum polymerisiert.Fur die Polymerisation des Styrols wurden die Bruttogeschwindigkeitskonstanten Kp, für viele Dibenzyle und fur Peroxide vergleichbarer Aktivitat dilatornetrisch bestirnrnt. Norrnalerweise sind die Zeit-Urnsatz-Kurven rnit den Dibenzylen und den Peroxiden vergleichbar; das Tetracyanodibenzyl allerdings bewirkt nur eine unvollstandige Polymerisation.Der große Einfiuß von Substituenten in α-Stellung oder in den Phenylringen der Dibenzyle auf die Polymerisation des Styrols wird diskutiert. Dabei ist auch die Stereochernie wichtig. Die meso-Form des Dinitrildiesters ergibt eine 2.5- bis 3.5 ma1 schnellere Polyrnerisation als das dl-Isornere.Die Dissoziationsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten kd der Initiatoren wurden NMR-spektroskopisch aus der Linienbreite bestirnmt. Die Dinitrildiester sind gute Initiatoren, wahrend die α.α′-Dicyanodibenzyle rnit weiteren Nitril- oder Phenylgruppen in α- und α′-Stellung wenig geeignet sind. SchlieBlich wurde die 1.2-Addition einiger der Dibenzyle an Styrol im Ternperaturbereich von 120 bis 150°C rnit der Methode der chernisch induzierten KernPolarisation (CIDNP) untersucht.
    Notes: The radical polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile is initiated by α.α′-dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester, nitrile, amide or phenyl groups in the temperature range 60 to 100°C and by α.α.α′.α′-tetracarboxymethyldibenzyl at 100 to 110°C. Vinylacetate and vinylchloride show a low reactivity.The overall polymerization rate constants Kp have been determined dilatometrically for styrene initiated by a large number of dibenzyls and comparable peroxides. The styrene polymerization curves are generally comparable with those of peroxides. A notable exception is tetracyanodibenzyl.The strong influence of α- and ring-substituents in the dibenzyls on the styrene polymerization rate is discussed. The stereochemistry is also important : the meso α.α′-dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester groups give a 2.5 to 3.5 fold faster polymerization than their dl isomers.The initiator efficiency is related to the kd values, determined from NMR line width measurements. The α.α′- dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester groups are good initiators, while those with phenyl groups and nitrile groups are inefficient.Relevant to initiation and termination, the 1.2-addition of some of the dimers to styrene at 120 to 150°C has been studied with chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP).
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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