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  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 42 (1979), S. 152-158 
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 13 (1978), S. 71-84 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un dispositif a été conçu à partir de composants commerciaux pour la mesure des chaleurs spécifiques et a été associé à un calculateur. Un analyseur calorimétrique différentiel à compensation de puissance, de type Perkin-Elmer DSC-2, constitue l'élément de base pour les mesures entre 100 et 1000 K. Le traitement des données s'effectue avec un calculateur du type Hewlett-Packard 9821 (mini-ordinateur). Celui-ci assure l'acquisition des données et leur conservation permanente sur télé-bande. Le programme a été conçu pour contrôler la mesure et le calcul final, la mise en tableaux, le tracé des courbes et leur ajustement. L'étalonnage s'effectue par comparaison avec l'acide benzoïque ou l'oxyde d'aluminium (saphir). A titre d'exemple, la chaleur spécifique du zinc a été mesurée afin d'évaluer l'exactitude. Celle-ci est meilleure que ± 0,5% c'est-à-dire qu'elle est 3 à 5 fois supérieure à celle d'un système similaire sans calculateur. Le dispositif sera surtout utilisé pour la détermination des chaleurs spécifiques des macromolécules linéaires.
    Abstract: Zusamenfassung Ein mit einem Komputer ausgestattetes Wärmekapazitäts-Mess-System wurde aus handelsüblichen Bestandteilen gebaut. Ein Differential-Scanning Kalorimeter vom Typ Perkin-Elmer DSC-2 bildet das Grundgerät für Messungen zwischen 100 und 1000 K. Ein Hewlett-Packard Kalkulator (Mini-Komputer) des Typs 9821 ist das Datenbehandlungssystem. Die Daten werden gesammelt und laufend am Tele-Band gespeichert. Das Programm eignet sich zur Steuerung der Messung und zur Endauswertung, Tabulierung, Berechnung von Zusammenhängen und Anpassung an Kurven. Geeicht wird mittels Vergleichen mit Benzoesäure oder Aluminiumoxid (Saphir). Die Wärmekapazitäten von Zink wurden als Beispiel und zur Bewertung der Genauigkeit gemessen. Die Genauigkeiten erwiesen sich besser als ± 5 %, also 3 bis 5-mal so gut wie bei einem ähnlichen System ohne Komputer. Das System wird hauptsächlich zur Messung der Wärmekapazitäten linearer Makromoleküle eingesetzt.
    Notes: Abstract A computer assisted heat capacity measuring system has been designed from commercial components. A differential scanning calorimeter of type Perkin-Elmer DSC-2 forms the basis for measurements from 100 to 1000 K. A Hewlett-Packard calculator (minicomputer) of type 9821 is the data handling system. The data are collected and permanently stored on teletape. The program has been written to govern measurement and final computation, tabulation, plotting, and curve fitting. Calibration is done by comparison with benzoic acid or aluminium oxide (sapphire). Zinc heat capacities have been measured as an example and for evaluation of accuracy. Accuracies of better than ± 0.5% have been achieved, an improvement of approximately a factor 3 to 5 over a similar system without computer assist. The system will be used mainly for heat capacities of linear macromolecules.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 13 (1978), S. 197-203 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a mesuré la chaleur spécifique du sélénium liquide entre 500 et 700 K, à l'aide de trois analyseurs calorimétriques différentiels commerciaux (Du Pont, Mettler, Perkin-Elmer). La comparaison avec les données restreintes de la littérature, obtenues par calorimétrie adiabatique, a montré que les trois instruments donnent des résultats dont l'exactitude est meilleure que ± 3 %. Ainsi, les différences entre les instruments résident surtout dans la commodité de manipulation des échantillons et d'étalonnage. La chaleur spécifique ainsi mesurée tend à dimineur quand la température augmente, contrairement aux macromolécules synthétiques linéaires.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Wärmekapazität von flüssigem Selen wurde zwischen 500 und 700 K gemessen. Drei handelsübliche dynamische Differentialkalorimeter wurden zur Bewertung eingesetzt (du Pont, Mettler, Perkin-Elmer). Der Vergleich mit einigen Literaturangaben bezüglich adiabatischer Kalorimetrie zeigt für alle drei Instrumente eine höhere Genauigkeit als ± 3 %. Der Unterschied zwischen den Instrumenten besteht demnach hauptsächlich in der Leichtigkeit der Probenbehandlung und der Eichung. Die gemessene Wärmekapazität zeigt eine Abnahme mit steigender Temperatur, im Gegensatz zu synthetischen linearen Makromolekülen.
    Notes: Abstract The heat capacity of liquid selenium was measured from 500 K to 700 K. Three commercial dynamic differential calorimeters were used for the evaluation (du Pont, Mettler, Perkin-Elmer). Comparison with limited literature data by adiabatic calorimetry shows that all three instruments give data of better than ± 3 % accuracy. Differences among the instruments are thus mainly in the convenience of sample handling and calibration. The heat capacity measured shows a decreasing trend with increasing temperature, opposite to synthetic linear macromolecules.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 193-205 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Polyäthylene mit sechs verschiedenen Molekular-gewichten und Molekulargewichtsverteilungen wurden isotherm aus der Schmelze bei 90 bis 129 °C und unter erhöhtem Druck (5.000 bar) bei 225 bis 240 °C kristallisiert. Das kristallisierte Polymere und die überstehende Schmelze wurden nach Abschrecken bei tiefen Temperaturen durch selektive Lösung unter Verwendung von DSC und Viskometrie analysiert. Zusätzlich wurden Daten über die Lösungskristallisation aus der Literatur durchgearbeitet. Es wurde beobachtet, daß eine Fraktionierung entsprechend den Molekulargewichten stattfindet. Schmelz- und Lösungsdaten im kritischen Molekulargewichtsbereich, die so gewählt werden, daß 90 Gew.% der überstehenden Schmelze oder Lösung geringeres Molekulargewicht besitzt und 90% der Kristalle höhere Molekulargewichte haben, stimmen überein, wenn man die Kristallisationstemperaturen um 36° verschiebt. Die Beziehung zwischen kritischem Molekulargewicht und Kristallisationstemperatur zeigt eine 1/ΔT 2-Abhängigkeit. Das Trennungsgleichgewicht bei Kristallisation zu hypothetisch voll gestrecktkettigen Kristallen erlaubt die Abschätzung einer unteren Grenze der Trennung. Bei niedriger Unterkühlung werden Molekül-Längen, die ein Vielfaches der Gleichgewichtslänge sind und ebenso ein Vielfaches der lamellaren Dicke, reproduzierbar selektiv und sicher aus dem Kristall ausgeschlossen. Molekulare Keimbildung wird als Erklärung für die beobachteten Fakten vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Summary Polyethylenes of six different molecular weights and distributions have been crystallized isothermally from the melt at 90 to 129 °C and under elevated pressure (5,000 bar) at 225 to 240 °C. The crystallized polymer and the supernatant melt have been analyzed after quenching to low temperature, by selective dissolution using DSC and viscometry. In addition, data on solution crystallization of the literature were analysed. It was observed that fractionation occurs according to molecular weight. Melt and solution data on the critical molecular weight, chosen so that 90% by weight of the supernatant melt or solution has lower molecular weight and 90% of the crystals have higher molecular weight, agree when shifting the crystallization temperatures by 36 °C. The critical molecular weight-crystallization temperature relationship shows a 1/ΔT 2 dependence. The equilibrium segregation on crystallization to hypothetical fully extended chain crystals yields a lower limit of segregation. At low supercooling, molecular lengths many times the equilibrium length and many times the lamellar thickness are reproducibly, selectively and permanently excluded from the crystal. Molecular nucleation is proposed to be the explanation for the observed facts.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 804-804 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 551-560 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The strain energy release rate (G) converges rapidly in finite element approximations in which the finite element mesh is fixed and the order of polynomial displacement interpolations (p) is increased. Numerical experiments indicate that the error inG is very closely estimated, even for small pand very coarse finite element meshes, by an expression of the form k (NDF)-1 in which k is a mesh dependent constant and NDF is the number of degrees-of-freedom. The method provides for very efficient and accurate computation of G without the use of special techniques.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 753-755 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: High order finite elements often exhibit an oscillatory behaviour near stress singularities which appears similar to the Gibbs phenomenon in the theory of Fourier series. It is known that under certain conditions the average of successive partial sums (the first Cesaro sum) of a Fourier series exhibiting the Gibbs phenomenon will converge monotonically to the function being approximated. An analogous device introduced for high order finite element approximations near a stress singularity successfully smooths the oscillations of the computed stress.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 875-885 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biodegradation of an aluminum-bearing (basalt) rock by Penicillium simplicissimum has been investigated. This organism grows on a sugar substrate and releases organic acid compounds. These acids interact with the mineral matter and cause their partial decomposition. The dissolved metals are then complexed by the excess organic acids. The activity of the fungi was found to be optimum at an initial pH 7 and in the presence of 5% (w/v) substrate concentration. In 30 days of leaching almost 20% of the aluminum in the rock was solubilized and the pH was decreased from 7 to less than 3.5 in the inoculated flasks. The controls showed less than 1% of the aluminum solubilized and the final pH dropped to only 6.8. A surface characterization study performed by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the specific mineralogical phases containing aluminum and iron within this host rock were preferentially corroded. The mineral phases containing olivine and plagioclase were found to be least resistant, while phases containing titanium were most resistant to the acids released by the fungi.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1979-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0163-3864
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6025
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1977-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0015-5632
    Electronic ISSN: 1874-9356
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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