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  • 1
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    Low‐noise Josephson mixers at 115 GHz using recyclable point contacts (1978)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Aircraft search for millimeter-wavelength emission by stratospheric ClO (1979)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    A new mixer design for 140-220 GHz (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A new Schottky-diode mixer is described which has low noise and conversion loss in the 140-220-GHz band. At 170 GHz mixer noise temperatures of 1100-1300 K have been measured, with 6.2-7.2-dB single sideboard conversion loss. The design should be usable up to about 300 GHz with appropriate scaling. The mixer has been successfully used in airborne radiometers on the NASA Convair 990 and C-141 aircraft.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-25; May 1977
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The low-noise 115-GHz receiver on the Columbia-GISS 4-ft radio telescope (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The superheterodyne millimeter-wave radiometer on the Columbia-GISS 4-ft telescope is described. This receiver uses a room-temperature Schottky diode mixer, with a resonant-ring filter as LO diplexer. The diplexer has low signal loss, efficient LO power coupling, and suppresses most of the LO noise at both sidebands. The receiver IF section has a parametric amplifier as its first stage with sufficient gain to overcome the second-stage amplifier noise. A broad-banded quarter-wave impedance transformer minimizes the mismatch between mixer and paramp. At 115 GHz, the SSB receiver noise temperature is 860 K, which is believed to be the lowest figure so far reported for a room-temperature receiver at this frequency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-27; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Shot-noise in resistive-diode mixers and the attenuator noise model (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The representation of a pumped exponential diode, operating as a mixer, by an equivalent lossy network, is reexamined. It is shown that the model is correct provided the network has ports for all sideband frequencies at which (real) power flow can occur between the diode and its embedding. The temperature of the equivalent network is eta/2 times the physical temperature of the diode. The model is valid only if the series resistance and nonlinear capacitance of the diode are negligible. Expressions are derived for the input and output noise temperature and the noise-temperature ratio of ideal mixers. Some common beliefs concerning noise-figure and noise-temperature ratio are shown to be incorrect.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-27; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Low-noise room-temperature and cryogenic mixers for 80-120 GHz (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A description is given of two new mixers designed to operate in the 80-120-GHz range on 36-ft radio telescope. It is shown that for a hard-driven diode the parasitic resistance and capacitance are the primary factors influencing the design of the diode mount. A room-temperature mixer is described which achieves a single-sideband (SSB) conversion loss (L) of 5.5 dB, and a SSB noise temperature (Tm) of 500 K (excluding the IF contribution) with a 1.4-GHz IF. A cryogenically cooled version, using a quartz structure to support the diode chip and contact whisker, achieves values of L = 5.8 dB and Tm = 300 K with a 4.75-GHz IF. The mixers use high-quality Schottky-barrier diodes in a one-quarter-height waveguide mount.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-23; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    A technique for determining the local oscillator waveforms in a microwave mixer (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is described which enables the large-signal current and voltage waveforms to be determined for a mixer diode. This technique is applicable to any configuration where the impedance seen by the diode at the local oscillator frequency and its harmonics is known.-
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-23; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Conversion loss and noise of microwave and millimeter-wave mixers. I - Theory. II - Experiment (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The conversion loss and noise of microwave and millimeter-wave mixers are analyzed. Nonlinear capacitance, arbitrary embedding impedances, as well as shot, thermal and scattering noise arising in the diode, figure in the analysis. The anomalous mixer noise noted in millimeter-wave mixers by Kerr (1975) is shown to be explainable in terms of the correlation of down-converted components of the time-varying shot noise. A digital computer analysis of the conversion loss, noise, and output impedance of an 80-120-GHz mixer is also conducted.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-26; Feb. 197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Low-noise Josephson mixers at 115 GHz using recyclable point contacts (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Thermally recyclable Nb point-contact Josephson junctions are investigated as low-noise mixers with an external local oscillator at 115 GHz. The best single sideband mixer noise temperature achieved is 140 (+ or - 20) K with a single sideband conversion loss of 2.4 (+ or - 0.5) dB. Such rugged junctions are suitable for use in practical receivers and should give unprecedented sensitivity at the shorter millimeter wavelengths.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Applied Physics Letters; 32; June 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Noise and loss in balanced and subharmonically pumped mixers. I - Theory. II - Application (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The theory of noise and frequency conversion for two-diode balanced and subharmonically pumped mixers is presented. The analysis is based on the equivalent circuit of the Schottky diode, having nonlinear capacitance, series resistance, and shot and thermal noise. Expressions for the conversion loss, noise temperature, and input and output impedances are determined in a form suitable for numerical analysis. In Part II, the application of the theory to practical mixers is demonstrated, and the properties of some two-diode mixers are examined. The subharmonically pumped mixer is found to be much more strongly affected by the loop inductance than the balanced mixer, and the ideal two-diode mixer using exponential diodes has a multiport noise-equivalent network (attenuator) similar to that of the ideal single-diode mixer. It is concluded that the theory can be extended to mixers with more than two diodes and will be useful for their design and analysis, provided a suitable nonlinear analysis is available to determine the diode waveforms.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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