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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1977-09-09
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The paper examines the heating levels experienced by a probe entering Kliore's (1974) model of Jupiter's atmosphere and compares the results with those of the Jupiter model atmospheres given elsewhere (NASA SP-8069, 1971), with the heating levels of Tauber (1969) and Tauber and Wakefield (1971). The computations are made using a point-mass atmospheric entry trajectory program, i.e., the Allen-Eggers (1958) analysis and simple correlations of heating. Results of heating calculations are compared and discussed. It is found that the warm temperature bulge exists at a level too low in the atmosphere to affect any heating and that the nominal atmosphere fits Kliore's model atmosphere best insofar as heating is concerned. Previous estimates of the heating levels to be expected for a probe entering Jupiter's atmosphere are therefore unaffected by Kliore's postulated atmospheres.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 13; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The coastal upwelling index derived from weather data is input to a set of coupled differential equations that describe the production of a biomass. The curl of the wind stress vector is discussed in the context of the physical extent of the upwelling structure. An analogy between temperature and biomass concentration in the upwelled coastal water is derived and the relationship is quantified. The use of remote satellite or airborne sensing to obtain biomass rate production coefficients is considered.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-78614 , A-7931
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Fully coupled solutions of shock layer equations for the stagnation region are obtained, comprising a set of converged benchmark flowfield solutions for silica and carbon heat shields entering modeled atmospheres of Saturn and Uranus. Model atmospheres and entry trajectories providing significant radiative heating to the entry probes so that the heating environment and effects of mass addition on the heating environment are clearly defined are emphasized. Results referable to the carbon heat shield are questioned because of the high (sublimation) wall temperature assumed and the relatively low shock layer temperature.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-472 , Thermophysics Conference; Jul 14, 1976 - Jul 16, 1976; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The performance of hyperpure silica heat shields that backscatter incident radiation in the depths of the material, i.e., a volume reflecting heat shield, is mapped for probes entering the atmospheres of Saturn and Uranus. Three models of each atmosphere are considered; the warm, nominal, and cool models. The most recent thermophysical and optical properties of hyperpure silica are employed. Detailed incident radiative spectra and the effects of ablation on radiative and convective heating obtained from benchmark flowfield solutions are used. In-depth material response is examined and results are presented in terms of the peak rear-face temperature as a function of initial thickness for each atmosphere. Results are compared with carbon phenolic heat-shield requirements.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-485 , Thermophysics Conference; Jul 14, 1976 - Jul 16, 1976; San Diego, CA
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Heating encountered during entry into the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus is described, followed by a discussion of the use of a CO2 gasdynamic laser to simulate the radiative component of the heating. Operation and performance of the laser is briefly described. Finally, results of laser tests of some candidate heat-shield materials are presented.
    Keywords: GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)
    Type: ASME PAPER 75-ENAS-60 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 21, 1975 - Jul 24, 1975; San Francisco, CA
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A code has been written to describe the behavior of an ablating heat shield throughout the entire maneuver into a planetary atmosphere. The code includes a trajectory computation for a variable mass, a computation of the heating history and distribution over the probe, ablation effects, indepth material response, and shape change. The code draws the initial and final shapes of the heat shield and computes its initial and final mass. Results are compared with those of other investigators, and solutions are obtained for a silica heat shield entering three model atmospheres of Jupiter. The effects of varying half cone angle and entry angle are examined as well as shape change effects. The so-called 'cusping effect' in the stagnation region is examined.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 77-767 , Thermophysics Conference; Jun 27, 1977 - Jun 29, 1977; Albuquerque, NM
    Format: text
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