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  • 1975-1979  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependence of sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction in the Arctic Basin (1978)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 13 (1978), S. 339-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The time variation of the sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction within the pack ice in the Arctic Basin is examined, using microwave images of sea ice recently acquired by the Nimbus-5 spacecraft and the NASA CV-990 airborne laboratory. The images used for these studies were constructed from data acquired from the Electrically Scanned Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) which records radiation from earth and its atmosphere at a wavelength of 1.55 cm. Data are analyzed for four seasons during 1973–1975 to illustrate some basic differences in the properties of the sea ice during those times. Spacecraft data are compared with corresponding NASA CV-990 airborne laboratory data obtained over wide areas in the Arctic Basin during the Main Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (1975) to illustrate the applicability of passive-microwave remote sensing for monitoring the time dependence of sea-ice concentration (divergence). These observations indicate significant variations in the sea-ice concentration in the spring, late fall and early winter. In addition, deep in the interior of the Arctic polar sea-ice pack, heretofore unobserved large areas, several hundred kilometers in extent, of sea-ice concentrations as low as 50% are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00913881
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Time-dependence of sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction in the Arctic Basin (1978)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-8314
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Time-dependence of sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction in the Arctic Basin (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Microwave images of sea ice obtained by Nimbus-5 and the NASA CV-990 airborne laboratory are used to determine the time variation of the sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction within the pack ice in the Arctic Basin. The images, constructed from data acquired from the electrically scanned microwave radiometer, are analyzed for four seasons during 1973-1975. Observations indicate significant variations in the sea-ice concentration in the spring, late fall, and early winter. Sea-ice concentrations as low as 50% were detected in large areas in the interior of the Arctic polar sea-ice pack. The applicability of passive-microwave remote sensing for monitoring the time dependence of sea-ice concentration is considered.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Studies of snowpack properties by passive microwave radiometry (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Research involving the microwave characteristics of snow was undertaken in order to expand the information content currently available from remote sensing, namely the measurement of snowcovered area. Microwave radiation emitted from beneath the snow surface can be sensed and thus permits information on internal snowpack properties to be inferred. The intensity of radiation received is a function of the average temperature and emissivity of the snow layers and is commonly referred to as the brightness temperature (T sub B). The T sub B varies with snow grain and crystal sizes, liquid water content, and snowpack temperature. The T sub B of the 0.8 cm wavelength channel was found to decrease more so with increasing snow depth than the 1.4 cm channel. More scattering of the shorter wavelength radiation occurs thus resulting in a lower T sub B for shorter wavelengths in a dry snowpack. The longer 21.0 cm wavelength was used to assess the condition of the underlying ground.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: 4th NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 209-215
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    LANDSAT digital analysis of the initial recovery of the Kokolik River tundra fire area, Alaska (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Considerable regrowth of vegetation was observed between August 1977 and August 1978, both in the field and through analysis of LANDSAT near infrared digital data. The spectral reflectances in the burned areas were found to increase with the age of the burn in a one year period due to vegetation regrowth. Regrowth was particularly evident in the lightly burned portions of the burned area. Image analysis techniques using the AOIPS system permitted delineation of burn severity categories. The conditions and type of ground cover prior to the fire influenced the severity of burning, as did the direction of the winds while the burning was in progress as determined from field and LANDSAT observations. More severe burning was induced by winds blowing in the northeastern and southeastern portions of the burned area.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10080 , NASA-TM-80602
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Multisensor analysis of hydrologic features in the Wind River Range, Wyoming with emphasis on the SEASAT SAR (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Analysis of imagery obtained over west-central Wyoming indicates that Seasat SAR has capability for hydrologic mapping. Both the L-Band (Seasat) and the X-Band (aircraft) SAR imagery were useful for observing drainage detail. Streams have bright signatures on the SAR imagery because the riparian vegetation produces a rough surface and thus high radar returns. Lakes appear relatively bright on the Seasat image presumably in response to surface ripples and waves induced by wind action. SAR imagery did not reveal snow at either the 23.5 cm (L-Band) or 2.8 cm (X-Band) wavelengths. Comparing Seasat and X-Band aircraft SAR imagery to LANDSAT RBV imagery, U-2 photography, and topographic maps of the Wind River Range, it appears that the SAR data do not seem to provide as much hydrologic information as do the other sensors in the visible and near infrared portions of the spectrum.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10083 , NASA-TM-80582
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Geomorphic processes on the North Slope of Alaska (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three physiographic provinces comprise the North Slope of Alaska: the Arctic Mountains, the Arctic Foothills and the Arctic Coastal Plain Provinces. The features and processes in the Arctic Coastal Plain, a zone of continuous permafrost, are stressed in this paper. The evidence for and mechanisms of the geomorphic cycle are discussed starting with frost cracks. Frost cracks may form polygonal ground which leads to low-centered ice wedge polygons in areas having ice-rich permafrost. As the low-centered ice wedge polygons enlarge due to thermal erosion they may evolve into thaw lakes which are largely oriented in a northwest-southeast direction on the Arctic Coastal Plain. Eventual drainage of a deep lake may result in a closed-system pingo. Evidence of the various stages of the geomorphic cycle is ubiquitous on the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain and indicates the ice content of the permafrost in some areas.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79720
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Passive microwave studies of frozen lakes (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Lakes of various sizes, depths and ice thicknesses in Alaska, Utah and Colorado were overflown with passive microwave sensors providing observations at several wavelengths. A layer model is used to calculate the microwave brightness temperature, T sub B (a function of the emissivity and physical temperatures of the object), of snowcovered ice underlain with water. Calculated T sub B's are comparable to measured T sub B's. At short wavelengths, e.g., 0.8 cm, T sub B data provide information on the near surface properties of ice covered lakes where the long wavelength, 21.0 cm, observations sense the entire thickness of ice including underlying water. Additionally, T sub B is found to increase with ice thickness. 1.55 cm observations on Chandalar Lake in Alaska show a T sub B increase of 38 K with an approximate 124 cm increase in ice thickness.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Fall Technical Meeting; Oct 15, 1978 - Oct 20, 1978; Albuquerque, NM
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Passive microwave studies of snowpack properties (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Microwave brightness temperatures were measured for the snowpacks at Walden and Steamboat Springs, Colorado during 1976 and 1977 aircraft experiments. Variations in measured brightness temperatures are attributed to snow grain and crystal sizes, liquid water content, and snowpack temperature. Results demonstrate that shorter wavelength radiation is scattered more strongly than longer wavelength radiation.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-78089 , Western Snow Conf.; Apr 18, 1978 - Apr 20, 1978; Otter Rock, OR; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Multispectral remote observations of hydrologic features on the North Slope of Alaska (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Visible and near-infrared Landsat satellite imagery and active and passive aircraft microwave data are used to analyze some hydrologic features in Arctic Alaska. Lake studies using passive microwave imagery reveal that an increase in the microwave brightness temperature correlates with an increase in ice thickness. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery allows determination of lakes that are frozen to the bottom under certain conditions. Landsat imagery of lakes can be used to study summer ice cover dissipation, an indicator of lake depth. River channel morphometry and morphology studies are accomplished using SAR data with good (25 m) resolution. Landsat imagery is shown to be useful for analyzing interannual variations in the extent of river icings (aufeis). Snow depth variations are shown to be potentially discernable using passive microwave data. Finally, the present and potential applications of these remote sensing studies are discussed; these data are useful for locating potable water sources, planning construction in good locations, and for analyzing interannual climate fluctuations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: American Society of Photogrammetry, Fall Technical Meeting; Oct 18, 1977 - Oct 21, 1977; Little Rock, AR
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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