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1

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Feline Toxoplasmosis from Acutely Infected Mice and the Development of Toxoplasma Cysts (1976)

DUBEY, J. P. ; FRENKEL, J. K.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 23 (1976), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SYNOPSIS. The development of Toxoplasma cysts was studied in mice inoculated with tachyzoites by several routes. After 1–30 days of infection, murine tissues were examined microscopically, and portions or whole carcasses were fed to mice and cats. The feces of the cats were examined for oocyst shedding.Cyst-like structures containing distinct PAS-positive granules were first seen after 3 days of infection with tachyzoites, and became numerous by 6 days. Argyrophilic walls were first seen after 6 days, and became numerous by 16 days of infection with tachyzoites.Prepatent periods to oocyst shedding (PPO) were either “short” (3–10 days) or “long” (19–48 days). The “short” PPO was found only in cats that had ingested mice infected for 3 days or longer, and was related to the development of PAS-positive granules in T. gondii, and to high, 60–100%, oral infectivity rates for cats. The “long” PPO followed the ingestion of mice infected for only 1–2 days, and was related to tachyzoites without distinct PAS-positive granules and low, 32% or less, infectivity for cats. The “long” PPO followed also the ingestion of oocysts and the parenteral inoculation of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, or sporozoites.Using the “short” PPO as a criterion for detecting cysts in tissues, it was shown that (a) numerous cysts developed in mice 5 days after inoculation with tachyzoites, 7–9 days after inoculation with cysts, and 9–10 days after inoculation with oocysts, and (b) cysts developed faster and more frequently in the brain and muscle than in lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys of mice inoculated with tachyzoites.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1976.tb03836.x

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Loss of Stages after Continuous Passage of Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia jellisoni (1976)

FRENKEL, J. K. ; DUBEY, J. P. ; HOFF, R. L.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 23 (1976), S. 0

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ISSN: 1550-7408

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SYNOPSIS. Toxoplasma gondii, passed from mouse to mouse in the tachyzoite stage for 30–35 generations, developed cysts, which, when fed to cats, failed to produce oocysts. Besnoitia jellisoni, passed similarly for 20 generations, lost the capacity to form cysts. These phenomena are explained by a loss of genomes or gene products during the rapid passage selecting for tachyzoites.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1976.tb03799.x

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Hammondia hammondi gen. nov., sp.nov., from domestic cats, a new coccidian related to Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis (1975)

Frenkel, J. K. ; Dubey, J. P.

Springer

Parasitology research 46 (1975), S. 3-12

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ISSN: 1432-1955

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Hammondia hammondi gen.nov.,sp.nov. (Eimeriorina:Sarcocystidae) is described as an obligate heteroxenous protozoon of domestic cats (final host) and laboratory mice (experimental intermediate host). Oocysts from the final host are infectious only for the intermediate host; and cysts from the intermediate host are infectious only for the final host. Intracellular cysts develop principally in striated muscle of mice that ingest oocysts, with a few cysts in the brain and perhaps elsewhere. Cysts are without septa or radial spines; bradyzoites are slender, there is no evidence of metrocytes. Cysts are not infectious for mice. After the ingestion of cysts by cats, a multiplicative cycle precedes the development of gametocytes in the epithelium of the small intestine. Oocysts are shed unsporulated, sporogony is outside of the host, resulting in two sporocysts with four sporozoites each. Oocysts of the species average 11×13 μm. The prepatent period is 5 to 8 days, and oocyst shedding persists for 10 to 28 days followed by immunity. Cysts in skeletal muscle measured between 100 and 340 μm in length and 40 and 95 μm in width. Experimental intermediate hosts are laboratory mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, Peromyscus and Mastomys. Some of the intermediate hosts develop low levels of antibody and some cross-immunity against Toxoplasma; however, this has not been observed in cats.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383662

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Sarcocystinae:Nomina Dubia and available names (1979)

Frenkel, J. K. ; Heydorn, A. O. ; Mehlhorn, H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Parasitology research 58 (1979), S. 115-139

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ISSN: 1432-1955

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Examination of the original descriptions of the species ofSarcocystis in cattle, sheep, and swine, and of isosporid oocysts shed sporulated by dogs, cats, man, and other carnivores, has shown that it is not possible in most instances to identify unambiguously recently recognized taxa. The original descriptions are insufficient, and because no type specimens exist, could apply to two or more of the presently recognized taxa. We consider the followingnomina dubia: Because the former type species,Sarcocystis miescheriana, is an indeterminatenomen dubium, we are proposingS. muris as the new type species. Historically, it was the first species described clearly and unambiguously even in the light of present knowledge, and the stages of its life cycle are probably completely known; it was the second species to be named. Old and recent descriptions are reviwed, and definitions are proposed for the following taxa: for which neotypes1 will be prepared and deposited with designated institutions and curators. A new subfamily, Cystoisosporinae, is created.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951337

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