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  • 1
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    Physiological basis of habitat partitioning in Jamaican Eleutherodactylus (1977)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Acid Precipitation and Embryonic Mortality of Spotted Salamanders, Ambystoma maculatum (1976)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-04-02
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological basis of habitat partitioning in Jamaican Eleutherodactylus (1977)
    Springer
    Oecologia 27 (1977), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rate of evaporation, resistance to drying, temperature selection, and critical thermal maximum were measured for Jamaican Eleutherodactylus acclimated to 20° C and a 12:12 L:D photoperiod. Two introduced species, E. planirostris and E. johnstonei, selected higher temperatures and had higher CTMs than two native species, E. cundalli and E. gossei. The introduced species lost water as rapidly as the native species, but tolerated 30–73% greater water loss before losing their righting response. The physiological differences are reflected in the microhabitat selection and activity patterns of the four species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345561
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid precipitation and reproductive success of ambystoma salamanders (1977)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 7 (1977), S. 307-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The two species of mole salamander that occur in the Ithaca, New York, region (Ambystoma maculatum and A. jeffersonianum) breed in temporary ponds that are formed by accumulation of melted snow and spring rains. Water in many of these pools during the breeding season is acid; pH values as low as 3.5 have been measured. In laboratory experiments A. maculatum tolerated pHs from 6 to 10 and had greatest hatching success at pH 7 to 9. Ambystoma jeffersonianum tolerated pH 4 to 8 and was most successful at pH 5 to 6. Mortality rose abruptly beyond the tolerance limits. The pH optimum shifted upward with increasing temperature for A. jeffersonianum and downward for A. maculatum. Judging from our laboratory studies, the acidity measured in breeding ponds should cause mortality in A. maculatum and permit normal development in A. jeffersonianum. In a 4 yr study of a large, acidic vernal pond, 938 adult A. maculatum produced 486 metamorphosed juveniles (0.52 juvenile/adult), while 686 adult A. jeffersonianum produced 2157 juveniles (3.14 juveniles/adult). Because the effects of acid precipitation on the salamanders' breeding ponds are cumulative from year to year, profound changes in the salamander populations can be anticipated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt excretion in a beach lizard (Ameiva quadrilineata, Teiidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 109 (1976), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The teiid lizardAmeiva quadrilineata has a nasal salt gland that responds to NaCl loading by increasing excretion of Na+ (from 1.12 to 2.63 μM/100 gh), K+ (from 0.14 to 2.43 μM/100 gh), and Cl− (from 1.10 to 5.47 μM/100 gh). For salt-loaded lizards these values represent 47% of the total excretion of Na+, 35% for K+, and 87% for Cl−. The lizards forage on beaches and their diet includes large numbers of amphipods (Talorchestia) which are approximately twice as salty as the lizards' body fluids. All of the ingested Na+ and K+ can be excreted through the cloaca, but extra-renal excretion of Cl− is probably important to the lizards under natural conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689416
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic change in blood oxygen capacity and maximum activity in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 116 (1977), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is an ontogenetic increase in the time that garter snakes (Thamnophis s. sirtalis) can maintain maximum activity at 25°C. Newborn snakes are exhausted by 3–5 min of activity while adults can be active for 20–25 min. The increased endurance of adult snakes results from ontogenetic increases in both aerobic and anaerobic energy generation. At rest juvenile and adult snakes have the same whole-body lactic acid concentrations, but at exhaustion adult lactic acid concentrations are 1.5 times those of juveniles. This increase in anaerobic energy production accounts for part of the endurance of adult snakes, but increased aerobic metabolism appears to be more important. Among the mechanisms increasing aerobic metabolism are more effective pulmonary ventilation and a 3-fold ontogenetic increase in blood oxygen capacity. The rapid exhaustion of small garter snakes probably limits the microhabitats they can occupy and the sorts of hunting methods they can employ. Small garter snakes feed only on small prey that are easily subdued. There is an ontogenetic increase in the relative size of prey eaten by garter snakes that parallels the ontogenetic increase in endurance. Adult feeding habits are adopted at the same body size at which adult blood oxygen capacity and endurance are attained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689041
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanin deposits associated with the venom glands of snakes (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 155 (1978), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Melanin deposits in the heads of both true vipers (Viperinae) and pit vipers (Crotalinae) are concentrated over the dorsal and dorsolateral aspects of the venom glands. This pigment may occur in any or all of six sites which include the epidermis, dermis, tissues covering the venom glands, and the interior of the glands themselves. The extreme localization of these melanin deposits suggests that they shield the venom glands from light. Calculations indicate that without such shielding the light energy penetrating the venom glands in the visible and ultraviolet portions of the solar spectrum would damage the venom-synthesizing apparatus and detoxify stored venom.Elapid and hydrophiid snakes have less dense pigment over the venom gland than vipers. Literature reports indicate that elapid venom is less sensitive to photodetoxification than is venom from vipers. Most colubrid snakes, including several with protein-secreting Duvernoy's glands, have little or no melanin associated with the glands. Venomous colubrids in the genera Ahaetulla, Dryophis, Leptophis, and Oxybelis have pigment over the glands as dense as that seen in vipers.Iridophores probably also shield venom glands from radiation. In puff adders and Gaboon vipers (Bitis) there appears to be an ontogenetic change in the shielding of the venom glands from melanocytes in young individuals to iridophores in adults.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051550105
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