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  • Other Sources  (13)
  • 1975-1979  (13)
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  • 1
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    Solar wind plasma injection at the dayside magnetospheric cusp (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Two mechanisms have been proposed for solar wind particle injection at the dayside magnetospheric cusps: magnetic merging and cross-field diffusion. These two mechanisms are experimentally distinguishable in that they produce different latitudinal distributions of particles penetrating to the low-altitude cusp. An examination of proton and electron measurements obtained by the AE-C satellite in the low-altitude dayside cusp reveals evidence of both types of injection processes. A majority of the injection events, especially the more intense fluxes, are best explained by a merging injection model in which cusp particles are confined to the poleward side of the last closed field line and have a characteristic energy that decreases with increasing latitudinal distance from the last closed field line. Less frequent and less intense injection events are better explained in terms of a diffusive injection of cusp particles onto closed dayside field lines with a characteristic energy that increases with increasing latitudinal distance from the last closed field line. Although diffusion appears to be quantitatively less important than merging in terms of the instantaneous particle injection rate, cross-field diffusion nevertheless appears to proceed at an unexpectedly fast rate, possibly exceeding the Bohm diffusion limit.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Feb. 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Computer modeling of events in the inner magnetosphere (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The first effort at computer simulating the behavior of the inner magnetosphere during a substorm-type event on 19 September 1976 was completed. The computer model simulates many aspects of the behavior of the closed-field-line portion of the earth's magnetosphere, and the auroral and subauroral ionosphere. For these regions, the program self-consistently computes electric fields, electric currents, hot-plasma densities, plasma flow velocities and other parameters. Highlights of the results of our event simulation are presented. Predicted electric fields for several times during the event agree reasonably well with corresponding data from satellite S3-2. Detailed discussion is presented for a case of rapid subauroral flow that was observed on one S3-2 pass and is predicted by the computer runs. The computed global distribution of Birkeland current agrees reasonably well with the observations of Iijima and Potemra.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Electrostatic protection of the Solar Power Satellite and rectenna (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Several features of the interactions of the solar power satellite (SPS) with its space environment were examined theoretically. The voltages produced at various surfaces due to space plasmas and the plasma leakage currents through the kapton and sapphire solar cell blankets were calculated. At geosynchronous orbit, this parasitic power loss is only 0.7%, and is easily compensated by oversizing. At low-Earth orbit, the power loss is potentially much larger (3%), and anomalous arcing is expected for the EOTV high voltage negative surfaces. Preliminary results of a three dimensional self-consistent plasma and electric field computer program are presented, confirming the validity of the predictions made from the one dimensional models. Magnetic shielding of the satellite, to reduce the power drain and to protect the solar cells from energetic electron and plasma ion bombardment is considered. It is concluded that minor modifications can allow the SPS to operate safely and efficiently in its space environment. The SPS design employed in this study is the 1978 MSFC baseline design utilizing GaAs solar cells at CR-2 and an aluminum structure.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-161438
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Earth and Jupiter: Comparison of magnetopause structure (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Using published data from the Jovian magnetopause crossings of Pioneers 10 and 11, the apparent crossing times as determined from the solar wind plasma detector and from the vector magnetometer are comapred. There were 13 published crossings for which both plasma and magnetic-field signatures were clearly defined. The occurrence distribution of these 13 crossings with respect to the relative timing of plasma and field signatures is shown. Results indicate that Jupiter's magnetopause is more turbulent than the Earth's possibly as the result of the large velocity shear between the magnetosheath and the partially corotating Jovian plasma. However, it is noted that the data set considered is too small to justify a definitive interpretation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: ESA Magnetospheric Boundary Layers; p 227-228
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Low-altitude signatures of the boundary layers (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Low altitude measurements reveal two distinct types of dayside boundary-layer plasmas. The first type is characterized by a proton distribution whose average energy decreases with increasing latitude and generally shows cool, unaccelerated electron fluxes. This type is observed only near noon and is correlated with southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The second type is characterized by a 'V' signature in which the proton average energy first decreases then briefly increases as a function of latitude. The electron distribution in the latter case is hotter and often shows evidence of small scale acceleration regions. This type can be seen at all local times in the dayside and at noon is correlated with a northward IMF. It is suggested that the type 1 plasma is the low altitude signature of the plasma mantle and the type 2 plasma is the low altitude signature of the low latitude boundary layer.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ESA Magnetospheric Boundary Layers; p 167-173
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  • 6
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    Heavy ion circulation in the earth's magnetosphere (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A mechanism for heavy ion circulation in the magnetosphere is proposed. Singly charged ions heavy ions from the plasmasphere are convected intermittently to the dayside magnetopause, accelerated there, swept into the distant tail lobes and boundary layer, and convected earthward in the plasma sheet to reenter the magnetosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 4; May 1977
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    The magnetosheath electron population at lunar distance - General features (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was made of the electron population in the earth's magnetosheath at lunar distance. The data used were collected by the Apollo 14 charged particle lunar environment experiment (CPLEE) during four inbound (dusk) and three outbound (dawn) passages of the moon through the magnetosheath. The magnetotail has a diameter of 52 earth radii, while the bow-shock cross section is about 91 earth radii. The average boundary locations computed from the complete data set are consistent with the prediction of fluid dynamics. The electron characteristics for the two least-disturbed passages are presented in detail. An examination of the energy spectra shows that a high-energy (200-2000 eV) tail is superimposed on the expected low-energy (40-200 eV) magnetosheath distribution. It is argued that the high-energy magnetosheath electron population originates at the bow shock, rather than from the plasma sheet.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Apr. 1
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  • 8
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    Interactions of the plasma sheet with the lunar surface at the Apollo 14 site (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Calculations of the magnetic shadow zones of lunar-based particle detectors are extended to include the effects of local remanent magnetic fields. At the Apollo 14 site, the local magnetic field is approximated as that of a dipole. Numerically calculated open and shadowed zones are shown to be in agreement with quiet-time plasma-sheet observations of the charged-particle lunar-environment experiment. An analysis of three storm-time observations indicates that magnetic shadowing can significantly alter the near-lunar-surface electrostatic potential distribution.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Sept. 1
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Magnetic shadowing of charged particles by an extended surface (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The problem of particle shadowing by the lunar surface is examined. Shadow zones are obtained analytically for small-aperture detectors on an infinite flat surface and are shown to be in good agreement with those obtained by numerical trajectory tracing. The shadow zones cover about half of all possible external field orientations for a vertical detector, which may result in serious underestimations of the frequency of observation of a particular plasma region. Shadowing may cause wide variations between observed and actual pitch angle distributions even in the case of multiple- or large-aperture detectors. Since the particle flux can be considered approximately isotropic only for magnetic fields within 35 deg of the surface normal, the electron flux to the surface may be overestimated in current balance calculations ignoring the magnetic field direction. In addition, photoelectrons may be returned to the surface by the magnetic field.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; July 1
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  • 10
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    Evidence of magnetospheric cusp proton acceleration by magnetic merging at the dayside magnetopause (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Sept. 1
    Format: text
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