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  • 1
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    Energetic particles in solar flares. Chapter 4 in the proceedings of the 2nd Skylab Workshop on Solar Flares (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The recent direct observational evidence for the acceleration of particles in solar flares, i.e. radio emission, bremsstrahlung X-ray emission, gamma-ray line and continuum emission, as well as direct observations of energetic electrons and ions, are discussed and intercorrelated. At least two distinct phases of acceleration of solar particles exist that can be distinguished in terms of temporal behavior, type and energy of particles accelerated and the acceleration mechanism. Bulk energization seems the likely acceleration mechanism for the first phase while Fermi mechanism is a viable candidate for the second one.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79660 , Jan 01, 1976 - Dec 31, 1977; Boulder, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Long-term solar activity predictions (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The need for long term solar activity predictions is addressed. The spatial organization of solar activity is described including applications for predictions, and ancient evidence for solar variability. Methods of predicting sunspot numbers are discussed. The inherent accuracy of the methods varies considerably, but a typical error bar 20%. The accuracy of sunspot cycle predictions is considered along with long term predictions of great solar events.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 246-257
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Preliminary analysis of coronal electron content measurements from spacecraft Helios A around first solar occultation (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Steady-state and dynamical features of the electron density distribution in the solar corona emerge from a preliminary analysis of Helios A electron content measurements. There are strong indications that correlations can be established with earth-bound K-coronagraph measurements.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
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  • 4
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    Time delay occultation data of the Helios spacecrafts and preliminary analysis for probing the solar corona (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: S-band time delay measurements were collected from the spacecrafts Helios A and B during three solar occultations in 1975/76 within heliocentric distances of about 3 and 215 solar radii in terms of range, Doppler frequency shift, and electron content. A description is given concerning some characteristic features of the methods of measurement and data processing. Typical data sets are discussed to probe the electron density distribution near the sun (west and east limb as well) including the outer and extended corona. Steady-state and dynamical aspects of the solar corona are presented and compared with earth-bound K-coronagraph measurements. Using a weighted least squares estimation 3 parameters of an average coronal electron density profile are derived in a preliminary analysis to yield electron densities of about 130 billion; 100 million; 7 million/cu m at r?3; 65; 215 solar radii. Transient phenomena are discussed and a velocity of propagation v approximately 900 km/s for plasma ejecta from a solar flare is determined from an extraordinary set of Helios B electron content measurements on April 30/May 1, 1976.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift fuer Geophysik; 42; 6, 19; 1977
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  • 5
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    Hydrogen over helium enhancement in successive solar flare particle events from the same active region (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analysis of all of the identified solar-flare-associated energetic particle events in the 1972-1975 period observed with instruments aboard the IMP 7 and IMP 8 satellites has revealed at least eight occasions when more than one particle-producing flare occurred within the same McMath active plage region during its transit of the visible solar disk. A strong tendency for second flares to produce hydrogen over helium (p/alpha) enhanced energetic particle fluxes when compared with the first flare in the 1.8-10.0 MeV per nucleon range emerged in these multiflare regions. The p/alpha enhancement is apparently transient, and for flares separated by at least about 100 hours the p/alpha ratio tends toward its preflare value. It is suggested that the substrate plasma in an active region may be enriched prior to a flare in elements heavier than hydrogen and the composition may not be significantly altered during subsequent acceleration, escape, and propagation. Thus, the preflare history of the active region must be added to the list of factors influencing observed solar-particle-event composition.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 228
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Time delay occultation data of the Helios spacecraft for probing the electron density distribution in the solar corona (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: S-band time delay measurements were collected from the spacecraft Helios A and B during three solar occultations in 1975/76 within heliocentric distances of about 3 and 215 earth radius in terms of range, Doppler frequency shift, and electron content. Characteristic features of measurement and data processing are described. Typical data sets are discussed to probe the electron density distribution near the sun (west and east limb as well) including the outer and extended corona. Steady-state and dynamical aspects of the solar corona are presented and compared with earth-bound-K-coronagraph measurements. Using a weighted least squares estimation, parameters of an average coronal electron density profile are derived in a preliminary analysis to yield electron densities at r = 3, 65, 215 earth radius. Transient phenomena are discussed and a velocity of propagation v is nearly equal to 900 km/s is determined for plasma ejecta from a solar flare observed during an extraordinary set of Helios B electron content measurements.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-156950 , BMFT-FB-W-78-03
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  • 7
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    Comparison of H alpha synoptic charts with the large-scale solar magnetic field as observed at Stanford (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two methods of observing the neutral line of the large-scale photospheric magnetic field are compared: (1) neutral line positions inferred from H alpha photographs and (2) observations of the photospheric magnetic field made with low spatial resolution (3 arc min.) and high sensitivity using the Stanford magnetograph. The comparison is found to be very favorable.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-154125 , SU-IPR-700
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  • 8
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    The effect of sunspots and faculae on the solar constant (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: We study the available measurements of the solar constant made at ground sites and from recent space observations to determine whether sunspots or faculae produce a detectable modulation of either the solar flux or the earth's atmospheric transmission. The data from radiometers on Mariners 6 and 7 rule out any relative change of the solar constant in space due directly to faculae or spots exceeding 0.03%. This limit is two orders of magnitude smaller than previous values obtained from ground measurements. The measurements made at mountain stations of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory between 1923 and 1952 show a marginally significant increase of solar constant at the level of 0.1%, related specifically to high projected facular area. Since this increase is not seen in the space measurements, we suggest that it may reflect a change in the earth's atmospheric transmission, possibly due to a change in ozone concentration induced by variation of facular ultraviolet radiation.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 215
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  • 9
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    Support of the Third Solar Wind conference (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The program of invited talks at the Third Solar Wind Conference is provided, with a table of contents of the proceedings.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-140900 , PUBL-1428-77 , Solar Wind Conf.; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 29, 1974; Pacific Grove, CA; United States
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  • 10
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    The mean magnetic field of the sun - Observations at Stanford (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A solar telescope has been built to study the organization and evolution of large-scale solar magnetic fields and velocities. The observations are made using a Babcock-type magnetograph connected to a 22.9-m vertical Littrow spectrograph. Sun-as-a-star integrated-light measurements of the mean solar magnetic field have been made daily since May 1975. The typical mean-field magnitude has been about 0.15 G, with a typical measurement error of less than 0.05 G. The mean-field polarity pattern is essentially identical to the interplanetary-magnetic-field sector structure (seen near earth with a four-day lag). The differences in the observed structures can be understood in terms of a 'warped current sheet' model.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: AD-A086395 , Solar Physics; 54; Oct. 197
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