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  • 1
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    High-resolution system for tropospheric wind and temperature profile measurements (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper briefly describes the Jimsphere/Jimsonde system and presents some possible applications of the system. As space vehicles became larger and more sophisticated, an improved method for obtaining wind-profile data had to be found. To satisfy this need, the FPS-16 radar/Jimsphere system was developed. The Jimsphere is an aluminized mylar spherical balloon 2 m in diameter. The balloon is under superpressure and is tracked with a high-precision radar system. The development of this detailed wind-profile system was started in 1963, and the present design was established in 1964. To improve the system, a program was initiated in 1965 to obtain high-resolution temperature data simultaneously with the wind-profile data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Sept. 20
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Wind field measurement in the nonprecipitous regions surrounding severe storms by an airborne pulsed Doppler lidar system (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 59
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Project Fog Drops 5. Task 1: A numerical model of advection fog. Task 2: Recommendations for simplified individual zero-gravity cloud physics experiments (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A two-dimensional numerical model was used to investigate the formation of marine advection fog. The model predicts the evolution of potential temperature, horizontal wind, water vapor content, and liquid water content in a vertical cross section of the atmosphere as determined by vertical turbulent transfer and horizontal advection, as well as radiative cooling and drop sedimentation. The model is designed to simulate the formation, development, or dissipation of advection fog in response to transfer of heat and moisture between the atmosphere and the surface as driven by advection over horizontal discontinuities in the surface temperature. Results from numerical simulations of advection fog formation are discussed with reference to observations of marine fog. A survey of candidate fog or cloud microphysics experiments which might be performed in the low gravity environment of a shuttle-type spacecraft in presented. Recommendations are given for relatively simple experiments which are relevent to fog modification problems.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2633 , M156
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Cloud-top parameters - A hail indicator (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Airborne photographic observations of four hail-producing storms are discussed. With the exception of one storm producing a tornadic event, the overshooting tops were nearly steady-state. The tops were consistently high and wide, reaching maximum heights within about 5 minutes of the initiation of hail. Measured updraft velocities in the turrets composing the overshooting top were 25 m/sec. The dimensions of the overshooting tops were sufficiently large to permit satellite observation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Severe Local Storms; Oct 21, 1975 - Oct 23, 1975; Norman, OK
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Workshop on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems: Executive Summary (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: A summarization of committee findings relative to the five topic areas of severe storms, turbulence, icing, visibility and lightning is given.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Tenn. Univ. Space Inst. Proc. of the 2nd Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 1-14
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Geophysical fluid flow model experiments in spherical geometry (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: An experimental and theoretical program was undertaken to assist in the design of geophysical fluid flow model experiments for Spacelab. Two new nonintrusive measurement techniques were developed. A theoretical calculation was carried out to guide the design of a proposed atmospheric general circulation model experiment.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 177-181
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Meteorological satellite accomplishments (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Meteorological satellites include experimental satellites operated by NASA and operational satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The operational system currently provides pictures of the entire globe, temperature measurements throughout the world, and wind measurements in selected parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Aspects of vertical sounding are discussed along with questions of parameter extraction technique development, macroscale phenomena, the heat budget of the earth-atmosphere system and the climate, and studies of ocean surface and hydrology.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 13; July 197
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  • 8
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    Meteorological applications of remote sensing from satellites (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Current and promising future contributions to meteorology from satellite-borne sensors are discussed, with emphasis on performance and the limitations thereto. The discussion covers (1) synoptic meteorology, where satellite observations of clouds provide measures of winds, cyclogenesis, and rainfall estimation; (2) atmospheric profiling, wherein vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, and certain gaseous constituents are provided; (3) radiation budget or the energy exchange between the earth and the space-sun environment; and (4) surface features of importance to meteorology-temperature, soil moisture, and sea ice coverage.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: IEEE; vol. 63
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Wind estimates from cloud motions - Results from Phases I, II and III of an in situ aircraft verification experiment (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An experiment is in progress to verify geostationary-satellite-derived cloud-motion wind estimates by in-situ aircraft wind-velocity measurements. One or more low-level aircraft equipped with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) were used to define the vertical extent and horizontal motion of a cloud and to measure the ambient wind field. A high-level aircraft, also equipped with an INS, took photographs to describe the horizontal extent of the cloud field and to measure cloud motion. To date the experiment has been conducted over tropical oceans and in the western Gulf of Mexico. A total of 60 h have been spent tracking some 40 tropical cumulus and five cirrus clouds. Results for tropical cumulus clouds indicate excellent agreement between the cloud motion and the wind at cloud base. The magnitude of the vector difference between the cloud motion and the cloud-base wind is less than 1.3 m/s for 67% of the cases with track lengths of 1 h or longer. Similarly, the vector differences between the cloud motion and the wind at sub-cloud (150 m), mid-cloud, and cloud-top levels are 1.5, 3.6 and 7.0 m/s, respectively. The cirrus cloud motions agreed best with the mean wind in the cloud layer with a vector difference of about 1.6 m/s.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 16; Aug. 197
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  • 10
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    Wind estimates from cloud motions - Phase 1 of an in situ aircraft verification experiment (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An initial experiment has been conducted to verify geostationary-satellite-derived cloud motion wind estimates with in situ aircraft wind velocity measurements. Case histories of 1/2 to 2 h were obtained for 3-10 km diameter cumulus cloud systems on 6 days. Also, one cirrus cloud case was obtained. In most cases the clouds were discrete enough that both the cloud motion and the ambient wind could be measured with the same aircraft Inertial Navigation System (INS). Since the INS drift error is the same for both the cloud motion and wind measurements, the drift error drops out of the relative motion determinations. The magnitude of the vector difference between the cloud motion and the ambient wind at the cloud base averaged 1.2 m/sec. The wind vector at higher levels in the cloud layer differed by about 3 to 5 m/sec from the cloud motion vector.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 15; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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