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  • 1
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    Survey of methods for soil moisture determination (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Existing and proposed methods for soil moisture determination are discussed. These include: (1) in situ investigations including gravimetric, nuclear, and electromagnetic techniques; (2) remote sensing approaches that use the reflected solar, thermal infrared, and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum; and (3) soil physics models that track the behavior of water in the soil in response to meteorological inputs (precipitation) and demands (evapotranspiration). The capacities of these approaches to satisfy various user needs for soil moisture information vary from application to application, but a conceptual scheme for merging these approaches into integrated systems to provide soil moisture information is proposed that has the potential for meeting various application requirements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80658 , Pecora Symp.; Jun 01, 1979; Sioux Falls, SD; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The utility of surface temperature measurements for the remote sensing of surface soil water status (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments carried out on an Avondale loam soil indicated that the thermal inertia concept of soil water content detection is reasonably sound. The volumetric water contents of surface soil layers between 2 and 4 cm thick were found to be linear functions of the amplitude of the diurnal surface soil temperature wave for clear day-night periods. They were also found to be linear functions of the daily maximum value of the surface soil-air-temperature differential. Tests on three additional soils ranging from sandy loam to clay indicated that the relations determined for Avondale loam could not be accurately applied to these other soil types. When the moisture characteristic curves of each soil were used to transform water contents into pressure potentials, however, it was found that soil water pressure potential could be determined without prior knowledge of soil type, and thus its value as a potential soil water status survey tool was significantly enhanced.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; July 20
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Effect of surface roughness on the microwave emission from soils (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The effect of surface roughness on the brightness temperature of a moist terrain has been studied through the modification of Fresnel reflection coefficient and using the radiative transfer equation. The modification involves introduction of a single parameter to characterize the roughness. It is shown that this parameter depends on both the surface height variance and the horizontal scale of the roughness. Model calculations are in good quantitative agreement with the observed dependence of the brightness temperature on the moisture content in the surface layer. Data from truck mounted and airborne radiometers are presented for comparison. The results indicate that the roughness effects are great for wet soils where the difference between smooth and rough surfaces can be as great as 50 K.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Sept. 20
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Microwave and gamma radiation observations of soil moisture (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The unique dielectric properties of water at microwave wavelengths afford the possibility for remotely sensing the moisture content in the surface layer of the soil. The surface emissivity and reflectivity for the soils at these wavelengths are strong functions of its moisture content. The changes in emissivity can be observed by passive microwave techniques (radiometry) and the change in reflectivity can be observed by active microwave techniques (radar). The difference in the natural terrestrial gamma ray flux measured for wet and dry soil may be used to determine soil moisture. The presence of water moisture in the soil causes an effective increase in soil density, resulting in an increased attenuation of the gamma flux for wet soil and a corresponding lower flux above the ground surface.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Soil Moisture Workshop; 37 p
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Computer aided techniques for estimating the percent of impervous area for Landsat data (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Army Eng. Topographic Labs. Workshop for Environmental Applications of Multispectral Imagery; p 140-155
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Post-shock temperatures in minerals (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental technique for the measurement of post-shock temperatures in minerals is presented, and silicate post-shock temperature measurements are compared with theoretical calculations. The technique involves the use of infrared detectors to determine the brightness temperatures at 4.5 to 5.75 microns and 7 to 14 microns of samples shocked to between 5 and 30 GPa. Results obtained for aluminum 2024 and stainless steel 304, as well as for Bamble bronzite and synthetic crystal forsterite are found at low pressures to be considerably in excess of the temperatures predicted assuming a hydrodynamic rheology and isentropic release parallel to the Hugoniot. The results are shown to be in better agreement, however, with values calculated assuming elastoplastic behavior, and the post-shock temperatures of crystalline quartz are found to be in good agreement with those calculated by Mashimo et al. (1979) from release adiabat data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Geophysical Journal; 58; 1979
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Remote sensing of strippable coal reserves and mine inventory in part of the Warrior Coal Field in Alabama (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Methods by which estimates of the remaining reserves of strippable coal in Alabama could be made were developed. Information acquired from NASA's Earth Resources Office was used to analyze and map existing surface mines in a four-quadrangle area in west central Alabama. Using this information and traditional methods for mapping coal reserves, an estimate of remaining strippable reserves was derived. Techniques for the computer analysis of remotely sensed data and other types of available coal data were developed to produce an estimate of strippable coal reserves for a second four-quadrangle area. Both areas lie in the Warrior coal field, the most prolific and active of Alabama's coal fields. They were chosen because of the amount and type of coal mining in the area, their location relative to urban areas, and the amount and availability of base data necessary for this type of study.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-150781
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Results of soil moisture flights during April 1974 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results presented here are derived from measurements made during the April 5 and 6, 1974 flights of the NASA P-3A aircraft over the Phoenix, Arizona agricultural test site. The purpose of the mission was to study the use of microwave techniques for the remote sensing of soil moisture. These results include infrared (10-to 12 micrometers) 2.8-cm and 21-cm brightness temperatures for approximately 90 bare fields. These brightness temperatures are compared with surface measurements of the soil moisture made at the time of the overflights. These data indicate that the combination of the sum and difference of the vertically and the horizontally polarized brightness temperatures yield information on both the soil moisture and surface roughness conditions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8199 , G-7663
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Land use classification for hydrologic models using interactive machine classification of LANDSAT data (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was developed to investigate the use of computer aided analysis of LANDSAT multispectral data in estimating percent of imperviousness and associated land uses needed in urban hydrologic modeling. An interactive computer was used to delineate seven land use classifications in the 342 sq. km. Maryland portion of the Anacostia River Basin from LANDSAT data. These results compared favorably with those of an earlier study which obtained the same information through analysis of aerial photographs having a scale of 1:4800. Approximately 94 man days were required to complete the land use analysis using the aerial photographs while less than three man days were required to accomplish similar tasks using the LANDSAT data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: W-14 , NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Surv. Symp., Vol. 1-D; p 2365-2378
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    LANDSAT Study of Alteration Aureoles in Surface Rocks Overlying Petroleum Deposits (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. A series of low altitude underflight remote sensing experiments were flown at Cement and Davenport oil fields, Oklahoma. An experimental algorithm which employs a sinusoidal stretch of brightness values was developed and applied to a January 1973 scene (bands 4, 5, and 6) of Cement. The results, although not spectacular, are extremely encouraging and for the first time demonstrate that the alteration anomaly at Cement may be defined through enhanced LANDSAT images.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10099 , NASA-CR-146032
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