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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (398)
  • Physics  (148)
  • 1975-1979  (546)
  • 1
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    Microwave emission from snow and glacier ice (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The microwave brightness temperature for snow fields was studied assuming that the snow cover consists of closely packed scattering spheres which do not interact coherently. The Mie scattering theory was used to compute the volume scattering albedo. It is shown that in the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.8 cm, most of the micro-radiation emanates from a layer 10 meters or less in thickness. It is concluded that it is possible to determine snow accumulation rates as well as near-surface temperature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70871 , X-910-75-36
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initiated oxidation of polyenes formed in the thermal degradation of PVC (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 853-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyenes formed in the thermal degradation of PVC are readily oxidized in the liquid phase in the presence of a radical initiator. In pure oxygen at a constant rate of initiation, different length polyenes are consumed by a first-order reaction: the rate of consumption is proportional to the polyene length and to the square root of initiator concentration. Applying the relationships given by the theory of chain reactions, we determined the ratio of the rate constant of chain propagation calculated for one double bond k2 to the square root of the chain-termination rate constant k4. The value obtained, which is relatively high in comparison to other unsaturated hydrocarbons, reflects very well the high reactivity of polyenes of the degraded PVC sample towards oxidation. Intramolecular chain propagation steps are also likely to play a role in the oxidation of polyenes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption of ethanesulfonic acid by nylon-6 containing various numbers of end groups (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 2393-2402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From the analysis of the permeation of 35S labeled ethanesulfonic acid, through nylon-6 films sorption isotherms were obtained. The films are characterized by their largely different content of carboxyl and amino end groups. It was found that the shape of the isotherm depends on the molar ratio of the two end groups: an S-shape curve for the film containing the carboxyl end group larger than the amino end group and a Langmuir-type curve for the film containing comparable numbers of end groups. These results were explained by the McGregor-Harris theory in which the acid dissociation constants of the two end groups in nylon were estimated experimentally.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.170160926
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  • 4
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    Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor, liquid water and wind speed at the ocean surface by passive microwave techniques from the Nimbus-5 satellite (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The microwave brightness temperature measurements for Nimbus-5 electrically scanned microwave radiometer and Nimbus E microwave spectrometer are used to retrieve the atmospheric water vapor, liquid water and wind speed by a quasi-statistical retrieval technique. It is shown that the brightness temperature can be utilized to yield these parameters under various weather conditions. Observations at 19.35 GHz, 22.235 GHz and 31.4 GHz were input to the regression equations. The retrieved values of these parameters for portions of two Nimbus-5 orbits are presented. Then comparison between the retrieved parameters and the available observations on the total water vapor content and the surface wind speed are made. The estimated errors for retrieval are approximately 0.15 g/sq cm for water vapor content, 6.5 mg/sq cm for liquid water content and 6.6 m/sec for surface wind speed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-79568
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    LANDSAT menhaden and thread herring resources investigation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. The relationship between the distribution of menhaden and selected oceanographic parameters (water color, turbidity, and possibly chlorophyll concentrations) was established. Similar relationships for thread herring were not established nor were relationships relating to the abundance of either species. Use of aircraft and LANDSAT remote sensing instruments to measure or infer a set of basic oceanographic parameters was evaluated. Parameters which could be accurately inferred included surface water temperature, salinity, and color. Water turbidity (Secchi disk) was evaluated as marginally inferrable from the LANDSAT MSS data and chlorophyll-a concentrations as less than marginal. These evaluations considered the parameters only as experienced in the two test areas using available sensors and statistical techniques.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E78-10024 , NASA-CR-155248 , SEFC-CONTRIB-77-16 , MARMAP-CONTRIB-145
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  • 6
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    The 90 GHz radiometric imaging (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A 90-GHz (3 mm wavelength) radiometer with a noise output fluctuation of 0.22 K (RMS), with a scanning antenna beam mirror, and the data processing system are described. Real-time radiometric imaging of terrain and man-made objects are shown. Flying at an altitude of 1500 ft a radiometer antenna with a 2 degrees halfpower beamwidth can distinguish landforms, waterways, roads, runways, bridges, ships at sea and their wakes, aircraft on runways, and athletic fields. A flight taken at an altitude of 3000 ft with approximately 2000 ft of clouds below the radiometer demonstrates the ability to distinguish bridges, rivers, marshland and other landforms even though the clouds are optically opaque. The radiometric images of a few representative scenes along with photographs of the corresponding scenes are presented to demonstrate the resolution of the imager system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-148581 , AD-A022241 , SAMSO-TR-76-37
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Radar backscatter properties of milo and soybeans (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The radar backscatter from fields of milo and soybeans was measured with a ground based radar as a function of frequency (8-18 GHz), polarization (HH and VV) and angle of incidence (0 deg-70 deg) during the summer of 1974. Supporting ground truth was gathered contemporaneously with the backscatter data. At nadir sigma deg of milo correlated highly, r = 0.96, with soil moisture in the milo field at 8.6 GHz but decreased to a value of r = 0.78 at a frequency of 17.0 GHz. Correlation studies of the variations of sigma deg with soil moisture in the soybean fields were not possible due to a lack of a meaningful soil moisture dynamic range. At the larger angles of incidence, however, sigma deg of soybeans did appear to be dependent on precipitation. It is suggested this phenomenon was caused by the rain altering plant geometry. In general sigma deg of both milo and soybeans had a relatively small dynamic range at the higher angles of incidence and showed no significant dependence on the measured crop parameters.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-151029 , RSL-TR-177-59
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    An algorithm for retrieval of ocean surface and atmospheric parameters from the observations of the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A formalism was developed which can be used to interpret the data in terms of sea surface temperature, sea surface wind speed, and the atmospheric overburden of water vapor and liquid water. It was shown with reasonable instrumental performance assumptions, these parameters could be derived to useful accuracies. Although the algorithms were not derived for use in rain, it is shown that, at least, token rain rates can be tolerated without invalidating the retrieved geophysical parameters.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80277
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  • 9
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    Seasonal variations of the microwave scattering properties of deciduous trees as measured in the 1-18 GHz spectral range (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Employing two FM-CW radar spectrometers, scattering data were acquired from stands of deciduous trees during the spring and autumn. The data suggest that the trees act as a volume scatter target particularly in the 7-18 GHz region. A comparison of data collected in spring and autumn indicates that the radar scattering coefficient, sigma deg, as measured in spring can be substantially larger (as much as 10 dB) than sigma deg as measured in the autumn.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E77-10120 , NASA-CR-151174 , RSL-TR-177-60
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of thermal stress on the thermal expansion coefficient and glass transition temperature of glass fiber-polymer composites (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 1557-1568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal expansion coefficients of glass fiber-polymer composites were calculated applying the solid cylindrical model taking into account the interaction effects among the glass fibers. The stress and displacement in the composite model were determined as functions of the thermal stress. It was found theoretically that the deviation of the thermal expansion coefficient from the linear mixture relationship based on volume additivity appeared at around Tg + 20 K upon cooling. The thermal expansion coefficient of the composite was also found to be markedly dependent on the dispersion state of the glass fibers. An expression for the difference in the Tg of the matrix resin in the composite from that in the unloaded resin was obtained on the assumption that the volume change of the matrix resin caused by mixing was compensated by free volume expansion. The experimental results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were found to agree well with the theoretically predicted ones.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180150904
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