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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (398)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (288)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (100)
  • 1975-1979  (786)
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    A radio picture of the earth (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique called passive microwave remote sensing can be used to obtain a new view of the planet earth by means of radio telescopes carried aboard artificial satellites. An important relationship between the observed radio brightness temperature and the surface conditions provides the basis for the new technique. A radio image is presented of the entire earth on the basis of Nimbus microwave-image data taken January 12-16, 1973.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Sky and Telescope; 49; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Microwave emission from snow and glacier ice (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The microwave brightness temperature for snow fields was studied assuming that the snow cover consists of closely packed scattering spheres which do not interact coherently. The Mie scattering theory was used to compute the volume scattering albedo. It is shown that in the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.8 cm, most of the micro-radiation emanates from a layer 10 meters or less in thickness. It is concluded that it is possible to determine snow accumulation rates as well as near-surface temperature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70871 , X-910-75-36
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor, liquid water and wind speed at the ocean surface by passive microwave techniques from the Nimbus-5 satellite (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The microwave brightness temperature measurements for Nimbus-5 electrically scanned microwave radiometer and Nimbus E microwave spectrometer are used to retrieve the atmospheric water vapor, liquid water and wind speed by a quasi-statistical retrieval technique. It is shown that the brightness temperature can be utilized to yield these parameters under various weather conditions. Observations at 19.35 GHz, 22.235 GHz and 31.4 GHz were input to the regression equations. The retrieved values of these parameters for portions of two Nimbus-5 orbits are presented. Then comparison between the retrieved parameters and the available observations on the total water vapor content and the surface wind speed are made. The estimated errors for retrieval are approximately 0.15 g/sq cm for water vapor content, 6.5 mg/sq cm for liquid water content and 6.6 m/sec for surface wind speed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-79568
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    LANDSAT menhaden and thread herring resources investigation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. The relationship between the distribution of menhaden and selected oceanographic parameters (water color, turbidity, and possibly chlorophyll concentrations) was established. Similar relationships for thread herring were not established nor were relationships relating to the abundance of either species. Use of aircraft and LANDSAT remote sensing instruments to measure or infer a set of basic oceanographic parameters was evaluated. Parameters which could be accurately inferred included surface water temperature, salinity, and color. Water turbidity (Secchi disk) was evaluated as marginally inferrable from the LANDSAT MSS data and chlorophyll-a concentrations as less than marginal. These evaluations considered the parameters only as experienced in the two test areas using available sensors and statistical techniques.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E78-10024 , NASA-CR-155248 , SEFC-CONTRIB-77-16 , MARMAP-CONTRIB-145
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    The 90 GHz radiometric imaging (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A 90-GHz (3 mm wavelength) radiometer with a noise output fluctuation of 0.22 K (RMS), with a scanning antenna beam mirror, and the data processing system are described. Real-time radiometric imaging of terrain and man-made objects are shown. Flying at an altitude of 1500 ft a radiometer antenna with a 2 degrees halfpower beamwidth can distinguish landforms, waterways, roads, runways, bridges, ships at sea and their wakes, aircraft on runways, and athletic fields. A flight taken at an altitude of 3000 ft with approximately 2000 ft of clouds below the radiometer demonstrates the ability to distinguish bridges, rivers, marshland and other landforms even though the clouds are optically opaque. The radiometric images of a few representative scenes along with photographs of the corresponding scenes are presented to demonstrate the resolution of the imager system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-148581 , AD-A022241 , SAMSO-TR-76-37
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Location of the source of magnetospheric energetic particle bursts by multispacecraft observations (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: During a magnetic substorm on Oct. 16, 1973 a number of magnetospheric bursts of energetic particles were observed simultaneously by IMP-6 and IMP-7 in the magnetotail. Detailed anisotropy measurements of 210 and 290 keV protons provide for the first time an indication of the location of the source of the energetic magnetospheric particles as well as evidence for its movement with speeds from 30 to more than 80 km/sec, in association with the intensification of the westward auroral electrojet during a magnetic bay at the station closest to the local time of the spacecraft (also local midnight). The observations indicate that energetic particles are accelerated to greater than 1.85 MeV in a moving and localized region in the geomagnetotail.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 3; Aug. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Radar backscatter properties of milo and soybeans (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The radar backscatter from fields of milo and soybeans was measured with a ground based radar as a function of frequency (8-18 GHz), polarization (HH and VV) and angle of incidence (0 deg-70 deg) during the summer of 1974. Supporting ground truth was gathered contemporaneously with the backscatter data. At nadir sigma deg of milo correlated highly, r = 0.96, with soil moisture in the milo field at 8.6 GHz but decreased to a value of r = 0.78 at a frequency of 17.0 GHz. Correlation studies of the variations of sigma deg with soil moisture in the soybean fields were not possible due to a lack of a meaningful soil moisture dynamic range. At the larger angles of incidence, however, sigma deg of soybeans did appear to be dependent on precipitation. It is suggested this phenomenon was caused by the rain altering plant geometry. In general sigma deg of both milo and soybeans had a relatively small dynamic range at the higher angles of incidence and showed no significant dependence on the measured crop parameters.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-151029 , RSL-TR-177-59
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Light flash observations during Apollo-Soyuz (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A total of 82 visual events was reported by two dark-adapted astronauts during a 90-minute orbit at 225 km altitude. Silver chloride crystal events for that orbit totaled 69 stopping protons and alphas per sq cm and 304 heavy ions with stopping power of 150 MeV sq cm/g or greater. The frequency of visual observations near the geomagnetic poles corresponds to calculated abundances of ions with LET greater than 5 keV per micrometer in tissue. Nuclear collisions of fast protons on C, N, and O in the retina or the abundance of stopping protons can explain the low frequency of events in the SAA for this mission in comparison with the high frequency during Skylab IV at 443 km altitude.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: IAF PAPER 76-032 , International Astronautical Congress; Oct 10, 1976 - Oct 16, 1976; Anaheim, CA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    An algorithm for retrieval of ocean surface and atmospheric parameters from the observations of the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A formalism was developed which can be used to interpret the data in terms of sea surface temperature, sea surface wind speed, and the atmospheric overburden of water vapor and liquid water. It was shown with reasonable instrumental performance assumptions, these parameters could be derived to useful accuracies. Although the algorithms were not derived for use in rain, it is shown that, at least, token rain rates can be tolerated without invalidating the retrieved geophysical parameters.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80277
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Seasonal variations of the microwave scattering properties of deciduous trees as measured in the 1-18 GHz spectral range (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Employing two FM-CW radar spectrometers, scattering data were acquired from stands of deciduous trees during the spring and autumn. The data suggest that the trees act as a volume scatter target particularly in the 7-18 GHz region. A comparison of data collected in spring and autumn indicates that the radar scattering coefficient, sigma deg, as measured in spring can be substantially larger (as much as 10 dB) than sigma deg as measured in the autumn.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E77-10120 , NASA-CR-151174 , RSL-TR-177-60
    Format: application/pdf
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