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  • Chemistry  (5)
  • Membrane potential
  • 1975-1979  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1911-1918 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus for measuring ignition temperature and ignition-limiting oxygen index was devised in order to study ignition properties of polymers. Ignition limiting oxygen index, which was suggested by the limiting oxygen index (ASTM D2863-70), was defined as the minimum volume fraction of oxygen required for ignition to occur in a slowly rising gaseous atmosphere. The ignition temperatures and the ignition limiting oxygen indexes of typical polymers were measured by this apparatus. Polymers which produced more ethylene by pyrolysis tend to have lower ignition temperatures. In the case of the same kinds of polymers, plots of ignition temperatures versus ignition limting oxygen indexes gave nearly straight lines (Fig. 3), but the straight line of depolymerization-type polymers differed from that of random degradation-type polymers differed from that of random degradation-type polymers. In most polymers, ignition limiting oxygen indexes were nearly proportional to limiting oxygen indexes, but in the cases of hard poly(vinyl chloride) and soft poly(vinyl chloride), the plots did not follow this relation (Fig. 4). Ignition properties of self-extinguishing polymers were also studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 253-265 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The conventional air-dried alkyd resin is generally used with 30% to 40% of some organic solvent which dissipates into atmosphere after painting and becomes a factor of air pollution. A reactive diluent was investigated to reduce the content of the organic solvent and to manufacture a high-solid or superhigh-solid paint. 1,1-Bis(1′-methyl-2′-vinyl-4′,6′-heptadienoxy)ethane was found to be suitable as the reactive diluent among the investigated compounds. A small addition of this compound to alkyd paint reduced the content of solvent to less than 15% with a conventional alkyd resin of high molecular weight (high-solid type); and, further, a superhigh solid paint (5% solvent) could be manufactured when this compound was added to a superlong oil-length alkyd resin of low molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 2833-2838 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Absorptionsspektren von gelchromatographisch erhaltenen Fraktionen von Poly(N-vinylcarbazol) (PNVC) wurden gemessen. Die Intensität der UV-Absorptionsbanden der Carbazolylgruppe nimmt mit zunehmendem Molekulargewicht im Molekulargewichtsbereich 1200 bis 104 ab und ist bei Molekulargewichten über 104 konstant. Die Abnahme der Absorptionsintensität wird als Hypochromie aufgefaßt, und diese Hypochromie wird im Hinblick auf die lokale Struktur von PNVC in Lösung diskutiert.
    Notes: Absorption spectra were measured for poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PNVC), fractionated by means of the gel-permeation chromatographic technique. The intensities of the UV absorption bands of the carbazolyl group diminished with increasing molecular weight of the polymer from 1200 to ca. 104, and were constant when the molecular weight was higher than 104. The diminution of the absorption intensities was regarded as a hypochromism, and the hypochromism was discussed with respect to the local structure of PNVC in solution.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 3025-3034 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly(N-vinylcarbazol), (PNVC), wurde hergestellt, durch Gelchromatographie fraktiomert und mit Hilfe der Viskosimetrie und Dampfdruckosmometrie charakterisiert. An den PNVC-Fraktionen, die relativ schmale Molekulargewichtsverteilungen hatten, wurde dann sowohl die Dunkel- als auch die Photoleitfähigkeit gemessen. Dazu wurde eine Oberflächen-Zelle im Hochvakuum (ca. 10-7 mm Hg) bei Raumtemperatur verwendet. Eszeigte sich, daß die Photoleitfähigkeit für die PNVC-Fraktionen im Molekulargewichtsbereich von 1,2·103 bis 2,4·105 (Gewichtsmittelwerte) abhängig vom Molekulargewicht war. Diese Beobachtung steht im Gegensatz zu Eppings Ergebnissen, der bei PNVC-Proben im Molekulargewichtsbereich von 3·105 bis 7·106 eine molekulargewichtsunabhängige Photoleitfähigkeit gefunden hatte. Die von uns beobachtete Molekulargewichtsabhängigkeit kann dadurch erklärt werden, daß die Überlappung von nebeneinanderliegenden Carbazolyl-Gruppen an den Enden der Polymerketten unterbrochen wird. Dieser Effekt + natürlich um so ausgeprägter, je kleiner das Molekulargewicht ist.
    Notes: Poly(N-vinylcarbazole), (PNVC), was prepared, fractionated by gel permeation chromatography, and then characterized by viscometry and vapour pressure osmometry. The fractionated PNVC species with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions were successfully used to measure both their electrical dark-conductivity and photoconductivity using a surface type cell in high vacuum (ca. 10-7 mm Hg) at room temperature. A molecular weight dependent photoconductivity was found for the fractionated PNVCs with weight average molecular weights in the range of 1,2·103 to 2,4·105. This observation is in contradiction to Epping's results who has found a molecular weight independent photoconductivity in the molecular weight range of 3·105 to 7·106. Our molecular weight dependence may be well understood in terms of the interrupted overlap of the π-electrons of adjacent carbazolyl groups at the terminal parts of the polymer chains, this effect being all the more stronger the smaller the molecular weight is.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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