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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (4)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (3)
  • 1975-1979  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tongue evolution in the lungless salamanders, family plethodontidae. II. Function and evolutionary diversity (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 153 (1977), S. 39-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A recently presented model of tongue projection dynamics is used to generate a series of predictions concerning morphologies to be expected under selection for increased distance of projection, increased speed of projection, and increased directional versatility. A general understanding of biomechanical events and the model are used as points of departure for making specific predictions concerning details of structure in skeletal, muscular and connective tissue components of the tongue and associated structures. Comparative methods are used to examine these predictions in the genera of plethodontid salamanders. These salamanders are known to project their tongues to different degrees, and this knowledge is used to test the hypotheses concerning morphological specialization. Three distinct groups of plethodontid salamanders have evolved specializations for long distance projection, and these genera differ from one another in important ways in respect to specific character complexes. For example, the tropical genera and Hydromantes use CBII as the major force transmission element in the skeleton, while Eurycea and its allies use CBI in this role. Hydromantes differs from both in having a uniquely proportioned and structured hyobranchial skeleton and associated musculature. Less extreme specializations for tongue projection are found in different combinations in three other groups. Finally, two distinct groups of generalized species having only limited tongue projection capabilities are recognized, each having a unique complex of inter-related features. Each of these eight groups is recognized and characterized as a functional mode, and hypotheses concerning the biomechanical meaning of the character complexes of each are formulated.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051530104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tongue evolution in the lungless salamanders, family plethodontidae I. Introduction, theory and a general model of dynamics (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 148 (1976), S. 265-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Plethodontid salamanders capture prey by projecting the tongue from the mouth. An analysis of theoretical mechanics of the hyobranchial skeleton is used to formulate a working hypothesis of tongue movements. Predictions that the skeletal elements of the tongue are included in the projectile and that the hyobranchial skeleton is folded during projection are central to the analysis, When decapitated in a particular way, salamanders project the tongue, and it is not retracted. When these heads are fixed and sectioned, examination confirms the predictions, In turn, these observations are used to refine the working hypothesis and to generate a general model of tongue dynamics for plethodontids. Muscles performing the major roles of projection (subarcualis rectus I) and retraction (rectus cervicis profundus) are identified. The skeleton is folded passively along a morphological track having the form of a tractrix, Predictions concerning the shape of the track and the exact configuration of the folded skeleton are confirmed by study of sectioned material. The skeleton unfolds along the track during retraction and is spread into the resting state, The model developed herein will be used as a basis for predictions concerning selection patterns in the family and for analytical purposes in comparative and evolutionary studies.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051480302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient biokinetic experimental designs (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 557-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Of the experimental methods available for obtaining data to estimate the biological kinetic parameters μm, Ks, and Yeach requires considerable experimental effort, yet often yields somewhat imprecise estimates of the parameters, particularly Ks. Therefore it would be worthwhile to seek ways to get parameter estimates of greater precision using less experimental effort. The precision of parameter estimates is strongly dependent, upon the settings of the independent, variables used in the experiments. This dependence is explained and an attempt made to show how experimental settings can be determined that lead efficiently to precise parameter estimates with minimal effort.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of salicin by β-glucosidase in a hollow fiber reactor (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 1253-1258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190817
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using multiresponse data to estimate biokinetic parameters (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 571-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biokinetic parameters are usually calculated from slopes and intercepts taken from plots of experimental data. One response at an item is plotted and used for parameter estimation. Aside from problems that may be caused by transformations made when the data are plotted, this approach has the weakness of not using all the data simultaneously when there is more than one response. This paper shows how multiresponse biological data can be handled to get parameter estimates that are much more precise than those obtained using conventional methods.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170409
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of oxygen tension on the growth and metabolism of WI-38 cellsPresented, in part, by Dr. Arthur Balin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. A preliminary account of some of this work has been presented at the 1975 Tissue Culture Association Meeting.Supported by USPHS Grants CA 14345 from the National Cancer Institute and HD 06323 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and NR 202-005 from the Office of Naval Research. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 89 (1976), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of oxygen tension on cellular growth and metabolism was studied in actively growing WI-38 cells [〉90% labeled nuclei (LN)] grown under atmospheres containing 5% CO2 and various combinations of O2 and N2. Cells grown under a partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) of 7.8 ± 3.5 mm Hg had a significantly slower growth rate, lower saturation densities and higher rates of glucose consumption and lactate production than did cells grown under a PO2 of 44 ± 7 mm Hg. There were no significant differences in saturation density or the rates of glucose consumption or lactate production between cells grown under PO2 26 ± 4 mm Hg, 44 ± 7 mm Hg, or 134 ± 11 mm Hg. Population doubling time was slightly prolonged at a PO2 of 134 mm Hg compared to a PO2 of 44 mm Hg. Cells grown under a PO2 of 291 ± 25 mm Hg showed only 20-30% of the growth rate and 10-20% of the saturation density of cells grown under a PO2 of 134 mm Hg. Despite this reduced growth, cells grown under a PO2 of 291 mm Hg consumed four to six times as much glucose and produced four to six times as much lactate per cell as cells grown at a PO2 of 134 mm Hg. Cells grown under a PO2 of 560 ± 38 mm Hg attached but did not proliferate. This toxic effect of oxygen on cell proliferation was reversible and was not due to an effect of oxygen on the media.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040890207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tobacco smoke on the metabolism and function of rat alveolar macrophagesPresented in part at the 1976 meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Alveolar macrophages harvested by bronchopulmonary lavage from rats exposed to tobacco smoke for 30 days (“smokers”) showed alterations in oxidative metabolism, lactate production and phagocytosis of inert starch particles when compared with control macrophages. Phagocytosis of viable Staphylococcus aureus was unaffected by tobacco smoke. Glucose oxidation measured by conversion of glucose-1-14C to 14CO2 was moderately affected while oxidation of glucose-6-14C to 14CO2 was not. Smokers routinely yielded fewer cells than controls, though these cells contained approximately 17% more protein than did controls. Opsonization of particles was not necessary for macrophages from either smoker or control animals to manifest a respiratory burst and increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide release during phagocytosis. The glycolytic inhibitors, sodium fluoride and iodoacetamide, while effectively blocking glycolysis, did not inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages from either group. The results reported clearly distinguish alveolar macrophages from other phagocytic cells (peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and suggest a state of non-specific activation caused by exposure to tobacco smoke.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950113
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