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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (398)
  • ASTRONOMY  (147)
  • 1975-1979  (545)
  • 1
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    Microwave emission from snow and glacier ice (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The microwave brightness temperature for snow fields was studied assuming that the snow cover consists of closely packed scattering spheres which do not interact coherently. The Mie scattering theory was used to compute the volume scattering albedo. It is shown that in the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.8 cm, most of the micro-radiation emanates from a layer 10 meters or less in thickness. It is concluded that it is possible to determine snow accumulation rates as well as near-surface temperature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70871 , X-910-75-36
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor, liquid water and wind speed at the ocean surface by passive microwave techniques from the Nimbus-5 satellite (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The microwave brightness temperature measurements for Nimbus-5 electrically scanned microwave radiometer and Nimbus E microwave spectrometer are used to retrieve the atmospheric water vapor, liquid water and wind speed by a quasi-statistical retrieval technique. It is shown that the brightness temperature can be utilized to yield these parameters under various weather conditions. Observations at 19.35 GHz, 22.235 GHz and 31.4 GHz were input to the regression equations. The retrieved values of these parameters for portions of two Nimbus-5 orbits are presented. Then comparison between the retrieved parameters and the available observations on the total water vapor content and the surface wind speed are made. The estimated errors for retrieval are approximately 0.15 g/sq cm for water vapor content, 6.5 mg/sq cm for liquid water content and 6.6 m/sec for surface wind speed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-79568
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    LANDSAT menhaden and thread herring resources investigation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. The relationship between the distribution of menhaden and selected oceanographic parameters (water color, turbidity, and possibly chlorophyll concentrations) was established. Similar relationships for thread herring were not established nor were relationships relating to the abundance of either species. Use of aircraft and LANDSAT remote sensing instruments to measure or infer a set of basic oceanographic parameters was evaluated. Parameters which could be accurately inferred included surface water temperature, salinity, and color. Water turbidity (Secchi disk) was evaluated as marginally inferrable from the LANDSAT MSS data and chlorophyll-a concentrations as less than marginal. These evaluations considered the parameters only as experienced in the two test areas using available sensors and statistical techniques.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E78-10024 , NASA-CR-155248 , SEFC-CONTRIB-77-16 , MARMAP-CONTRIB-145
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The 90 GHz radiometric imaging (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A 90-GHz (3 mm wavelength) radiometer with a noise output fluctuation of 0.22 K (RMS), with a scanning antenna beam mirror, and the data processing system are described. Real-time radiometric imaging of terrain and man-made objects are shown. Flying at an altitude of 1500 ft a radiometer antenna with a 2 degrees halfpower beamwidth can distinguish landforms, waterways, roads, runways, bridges, ships at sea and their wakes, aircraft on runways, and athletic fields. A flight taken at an altitude of 3000 ft with approximately 2000 ft of clouds below the radiometer demonstrates the ability to distinguish bridges, rivers, marshland and other landforms even though the clouds are optically opaque. The radiometric images of a few representative scenes along with photographs of the corresponding scenes are presented to demonstrate the resolution of the imager system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-148581 , AD-A022241 , SAMSO-TR-76-37
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Radar backscatter properties of milo and soybeans (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The radar backscatter from fields of milo and soybeans was measured with a ground based radar as a function of frequency (8-18 GHz), polarization (HH and VV) and angle of incidence (0 deg-70 deg) during the summer of 1974. Supporting ground truth was gathered contemporaneously with the backscatter data. At nadir sigma deg of milo correlated highly, r = 0.96, with soil moisture in the milo field at 8.6 GHz but decreased to a value of r = 0.78 at a frequency of 17.0 GHz. Correlation studies of the variations of sigma deg with soil moisture in the soybean fields were not possible due to a lack of a meaningful soil moisture dynamic range. At the larger angles of incidence, however, sigma deg of soybeans did appear to be dependent on precipitation. It is suggested this phenomenon was caused by the rain altering plant geometry. In general sigma deg of both milo and soybeans had a relatively small dynamic range at the higher angles of incidence and showed no significant dependence on the measured crop parameters.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-151029 , RSL-TR-177-59
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Coordinated X-ray, optical, and radio observations of YZ Canis Minoris (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 216
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    An algorithm for retrieval of ocean surface and atmospheric parameters from the observations of the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A formalism was developed which can be used to interpret the data in terms of sea surface temperature, sea surface wind speed, and the atmospheric overburden of water vapor and liquid water. It was shown with reasonable instrumental performance assumptions, these parameters could be derived to useful accuracies. Although the algorithms were not derived for use in rain, it is shown that, at least, token rain rates can be tolerated without invalidating the retrieved geophysical parameters.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80277
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Seasonal variations of the microwave scattering properties of deciduous trees as measured in the 1-18 GHz spectral range (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Employing two FM-CW radar spectrometers, scattering data were acquired from stands of deciduous trees during the spring and autumn. The data suggest that the trees act as a volume scatter target particularly in the 7-18 GHz region. A comparison of data collected in spring and autumn indicates that the radar scattering coefficient, sigma deg, as measured in spring can be substantially larger (as much as 10 dB) than sigma deg as measured in the autumn.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E77-10120 , NASA-CR-151174 , RSL-TR-177-60
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  • 9
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    Coordinated X-ray optical and radio observations of YZ Canis Minoris (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Coordinated X ray, optical, and radio observations of the flare star YZ CMi are reported. Twenty-two minor optical flares and twelve radio events were recorded. No major optical flares, greater than 3 magnitudes, were observed. Although no flare related X ray emission was observed, the measured upper limits in this band enable meaningful comparisons with published flare star models. Three of the five models predicting the relative X ray to optical or radio flare luminosities are in serious disagreement with the observations. For the largest optical flare with coincident X ray coverage, the 3 sigma upper limit on X ray emission in the 0.15 to 0.8 keV band is 8.7 x 10 to the 28th power erg/s, corresponding to a ratio of X ray to B-band luminosity of less than 0.3. Based on the present results, the contribution of the flares UV Ceti flare stars to the galactic component of the diffuse soft X ray background is less than 0.2 percent.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71256 , X-682-76-287
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Coast Guard/NOAA/NASA Great Lakes Project Icewarn (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The operational feasibility of using remote sensing to provide all weather ice formation for Great Lakes winter navigation is explored. A combination airborne pulsed radar system to measure actual ice thickness, a satellite data link system, and a hand drawn interpretive ice chart proved valuable for extending winter navigation through the icepack.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 261-270
    Format: text
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