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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Practical aspects of Pt/Ir effluent splitters for multidetector GC and pneumatic solute switching (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Low dead volume effluent splitters preparation of Heartcutting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Practical details are given to produce low dead volume Pt/Ir to glass connections and a variety of components for effluent splitting and pneumatic solute switching. It is shown that the column effluents from a glass capillary column can be split in any desired ratio and maintained constant, regardless of column flow rate. Bandbroadening in the splitter remains negligible even for very low flow rates. A complex pneumatic system to be used for heartcutting with two glass capillary columns is shown.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240010104
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Advances in two-dimensional GC with glass capillary columns (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 335-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Two-dimensional technique ; Critical evaluation of individual instrumental components ; Minimization of extra column effects and operational parameters discussed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A versatile two-dimensional gas chromatograph is described, consisting of 2 separate ovens, one intermediate trap, an auxiliary inlet, and the necessary hardware to effect off-line switching according to the principle of Deans. The unit has been designed for use with high resolution glass capillary columns. The performance of individual instrumental components was critically evaluated. Results showed that low dead volume glass to metal connections were required in the manifold and detector lines to minimize extra-column effects. The mass of the intermediate trap must be low to allow rapid heating. Operational parameters are discussed and examples of some applications are shown.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020615
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Membranes with common ion pumping (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 160-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Liquid membranes containing a macrocyclic polyether can move or pump a specific cation against its concentration gradient. The cation flux is not proportional to the difference of the cation concentration but to the difference of the product of cation and anion concentrations across the membrane. The results are inconsistent with existing theories of ion transport, but can be explained in terms of ion pairs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210121
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of phase diagrams and solubilities for aqueous multi-ion systems (1979)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 759-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Calculation of the phase diagram for saturated aqueous multi-ion solutions of strong electrolytes, based upon use of the thermodynamic solubility products, is illustrated for the four-ion system: Na+, K+, Mg++, SO4=. Solid phases are identified along with the ion concentrations of the associated saturated solutions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690250503
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Explaining solubilization kinetics (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1006-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Solubilization rates of fatty acids in pure detergent solutions are controlled by mixed micelle desorption and diffusion. Solubilization rates in partially saturated detergent solutions also involve exchange of fatty acids between the solid and the solution. These conclusions depend on models like those used in gas-solid catalysis and in tracer diffusion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220609
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selective copper recovery with two types of liquid membranes (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 860-868 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Copper can be selectively separated and concentrated by diffusion across liquid membranes. These membranes are effective either as thin films supported by porous polymer sheets or as liquid microcapsules or liquid surfactant membranes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240512
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal properties of collagen in helical and random coiled states in the temperature range from 4° to 300°K (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 15 (1976), S. 1991-2004 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The low-temperature heat capacity of collagen (in the hydrated and dehydrated states) and the large entropy of collagen in the coiled state relative to the same protein in the helical state were investigated. The heat capacity for collagen in the solid state in the temperature range 4°-50° K changes proportionally to the square of temperature (Cp ∼ T2). Above 50°K there is a linear dependence (Cp ∼ T). The differences in the character of temperature dependence of heat capacity for the hydrated and dehydrated collagen show the importance of the specific interaction of water molecules with polypeptide chains of this protein. The peculiarities of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity difference (ΔCp) of hydrated denatured (random coiled) and hydrated native (helical) collagen are observed at 15°, 120°, and 240°K. These differences are caused by the varying degree of ordering of the hydrate water molecules in native and denatured collagen macromolecules. At all temperatures (4°-300°K) the entropy of the random coiled state is higher than that of collagen in the native state and at 298°K ΔS0298 = ∫0298 (ΔCp/T)dT = 0.8 cal/100 g °K.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1976.360151010
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of galactomannans (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 17 (1978), S. 2817-2833 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Galactomannans were extracted from the seeds of seven different legumes to obtain samples which differed in average molecular weight, in polydispersity, and in average mannose-to-galactose ratio in the molecule. Measurements were made of the viscosities as a function of shear rate and of the sedimentation and diffusion coefficients of the aqueous solutions of all the galactomannans. Average molecular weights were calculated from the sedimentation and diffusion coefficients using the Svedberg equation. The Mark-Houwink relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and the average molecular weights was found to hold for the series of galactomannans despite differences in the mannose-to-galactose ratios of the solutes. Estimates were made of the galactomannan polydispersities from both the sedimentation-coeffient distributions and also from the diffusion-coefficient ratios, Dm/DA. The two methods gave results in qualitative agreement. The hydrodynamic properties of the more homogeneous galactomannans were compared with the predictions of the Flory-Fox hydro-dynamic theory, with results very similar to those which were obtained for the water-soluble synthetic cellulose derivatives, hydroxyethylcellulose and ethydroxycellulose.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1978.360171206
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of the tacticity on thermal degradation of PVC. II. New results obtained with fractionated polymers (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 45 (1975), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Bei 40, 0 und -50°C hergestellte PVC-Proben wurden nach verschiedenen Methoden fraktioniert. Die Fraktionen wurden durch Viskositätsmessungen und IR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Der thermische Abbau der Fraktionen wurde bei 175, 180 und 185°C durch fortlaufende Messung des abgespaltenen Chlorwasserstoffs in einem Leitfähigkeitsapparat untersucht. Die kinetischen Ergebnisse und die Spektren der Proben zeigen, daß die syndiotaktischen Sequenzen die Ursache für den schnellen Abbau sind und daß dabei lange Polyensequenzen entstehen, wie schon früher bei unfraktionierten Polymeren ermittelt wurde.
    Notizen: PVC samples prepared in bulk at 40, 0, and -50°C were fractionated by different methods. The samples were characterized by viscosimetric measurements and by IR spectroscopy in order to determine the tacticity. The thermal degradation of the samples was studied at 175, 180, and 185°C by means of continuous measuring of the evolved HCl in a conductivity apparatus. From the kinetic results and the UV-visible spectra recorded on equally degraded samples follows that syndiotactic sequences give rise to high degradation rates as well as to long polyene sequences in agreement with results previously obtained with unfractionated polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1975.050450113
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of the molecular weight on thermal degradation of fractionated PVC (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 46 (1975), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ein technisches PVC und eine andere in Substanz bei 40°C hergestellte Probe wurden nach der Lösungsmethode mit Methanol-Cyclohexanon-Gemischen fraktioniert. Beide Polymere geben Fraktionen mit gleicher Taktizität, aber verschiedenen Molekulargewichten. Der thermische Abbau wurde bei 175, 180 und 185°C durch fortlaufende Bestimmung des abgespaltenen HCl in einem Leitfähigkeitsapparat untersucht. Je niedriger das Molekulargewicht ist, desto größer ist die Abbaugeschwindigkeit; dies gilt aber nur für Polymere mit Molekulargewichten bis etwa 60 000 oder 90 000; oberhalb dieser Werte ist die Abbaugeschwindigkeit vom Molekulargewicht unabhängig. Die Spektren der Proben mit dem gleichen Abbauumsatz zeigen, daß die Verteilung der Polyensequenzen gleich ist und daher nicht vom Molekulargewicht beeinflußt wird.
    Notizen: A commercial PVC and another one prepared in bulk at 40°C were fractionated by means of fractional solution method using cyclohexanone-methanol mixtures. Both fractionations resulted in two sets of fractions. Their thermal degradation at 175, 180 and 185°C was followed by means of a conductivity cell which allows a continuous titration of the evolved HCl. The results showed that the lower the molecular weight the higher the degradation rate was; nevertheless, this relationship is only valid up to molecular weights of 60 000 to 90 000, from which the degradation rate appeared to be independent on the molecular weight. The UV-visible spectra of the degraded polymers suggest a similar polyene sequence distribution for all the fractions which accounts for a similar mechanism of degradation in contrast to what happens to fractions with different tacticity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1975.050460108
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