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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Perhalogenmethylthio)heterocyclen. XIX. Mitt.: s. [1].. Säurekatalysierte Substitutionen an (Perchlorfluormethylthio)pyrrolen und deren agrobiologische Wirkung (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1442-1450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Perhalomethylthio)heterocycles. XIX. Mitt.: s. [1]. . Acid-catalyzed substitutions on (perchlorofluoromethylthio)pyrroles and their agro-biological activitiesIn the presence of C4F9SO3H the (perhalomethylthio)pyrroles 1a-c react with Cl3-nFnCSCl (n = 1-3) to give mixtures of the 2,5- and 2,4-disubstituted pyrroles 2a-f and 3a-h. 2a and 3a react with CF3SCl (catalyst CF3SO3H) yielding 2,3,5-tris (trifloromethylthio)pyrrole (4a), which under similar conditions reacts further to give 2,3,4,5-tetrakis (trifluoromethylthio)pyrrole (5). As a by-product during the conversion of 3a to 4a 2,3,4-tris (trifluoromethylthio)pyrrole (4b) is formed. The pyrroles 2a, 4a and 5 form the mercury salts 6a-c; compound 5 yields also a silver salt 7. The 1H- and 19F-NMR. spectra are discussed and the agro-biological properties of the compounds investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620508
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azoinitiatoren, 10.9. Mitteilung: Robert Kerber*, Johannes Gerum und Oskar Nuyken, Makromol. Chem. 180, 609 (1979). Co- und terpolymerisation von butadien und styrol mit phenyl(3-vinylphenylazo)sulfid (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 1651-1659 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Phenyl(3-vinylphenylazo)sulfide (2) - displaying not only the properties of an initiator (thermolysis) and a monomer (vinyl group) but also of a chain transfer agent (sulfenyl group)-was copolymerized with styrene in emulsion at 40°C and in bulk at 50°C. Terpolymerization with styrene and butadiene at 5°C in emulsion led to azo-containing unsaturated polymers, which could be used for self crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021800702
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die copolymerisation von (3-vinylphenylazo)-methylmalonodinitril mit styrol 7. Mitteilung über azo-initiatoren6. Mitt.: R. Kerber, O. Nuyken, R. Steinhausen, Makromol. Chem. 178, 1833 (1977). (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 1803-1814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: (3-Vinylphenylazo)-methylmalonodinitrile (2) was copolymerized with styrene up to high conversion giving no remarkable change in the monomer composition. The reactions were carried out in emulsion at 5°C, in bulk at 50°C, and in solution at 60°C. The azo compound displays not only the properties of an initiator (thermolysis) and monomer (vinyl group), but also the behaviour of a retardation reagent (azo-function) explaining the decrease of polymerization rates and of molecular weights with increasing amounts of azo compound.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1978.021790715
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Reaktion von α,β-Dihalogen-propionitrilen mit monosubstituierten Hydrazinen - einfache Synthese 1-substituierter 3- bzw. 5-Amino-pyrazole (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines  -  A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazolesIn methanol hydrazines 3, and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A1). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6, the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8. In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A1), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9, using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCl3. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2, and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allgemeine Synthesen und rationelle Strukturparameter isomerer Derivate von [3,4]-kondensierten Pyrazolen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 881-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General Syntheses and Rational Parameters for Structural Assignment of Isomeric Derivatives of [3,4]-fused Pyrazoles4 isomeric 1- or 2-methyl-, and 1- or 2-benzyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones, i.e. the 4-oxo-types 17a, b or 11a, b and the 6-oxo-types 16a, b or 10a, b, are synthesized unambiguously. Cyclisation of 1-substituted 3- or 5-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinylamino)-pyrazoles 9a, b or. 15a, b, which were synthesized from 1-substituted 3- or 5-amino-pyrazoles and ethyl acetoacetate yields 11a, b or 17a, b in downtherm, but 10a, b or 16a, b in presence of acidic catalysts. The acidic cyclisation is preceded by a new rearrangement of 9 or 15 into 1- substituted 3- 27 or 5-amino-4-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinyl)-pyrazoles 30; mechanism and concurring reactions are explained. Because of their higher electron densities at C-4 it is easier to cyclise derivatives of 5-amino-pyrazoles compared to 3-amino-pyrazoles. All isomeric 1- or 2-substituted 4(6)-chloro-6(4)-methyl-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridines are formed with POCl3 from the corresponding oxo-compounds.The position of a substituent at N-1 or N-2 of [3,4]-fused pyrazoles can be assigned using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCL3 = δCDCl3  -  - δHMPT (conc. HC - 3). If solvent influences are considered, δ(C = O) is a useful 13C-n.m.r.-parameter to distinguish the 4-oxo-types (11a, b; 17a, b) from the 6-oxo-types (10a, b; 16a, b) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones. Further own and lit. dates conc. structural assignment (n.m.r., i.r., u.v.) are discussed critically.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aussagen der instrumentierten Schwingprüfung zur Dauerfestigkeit unlegierter Stähle (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evidence of the Instrumented Fatigue Test for Fatigue Strength of Structural SteelIn the instrumented fatigue test the measurement of the frequency of loading and the power absorption of the resonance endurancetesting machine with electromagnetic energization discovery the rate of damage of the specimen. The energy and the energy gradient per cycle are especially suitable for characterize the fatigue life of the specimen. Rapid methods for evaluation fatigue strength are developed constructive on the results of experiments of fatigue tests in one load stage. The rapid methods are tested with cylindrical specimen (St 52-3) and spot weldings (St 1203). The results of measurement indicate a certain possibility of evaluation fatigue strength.
    Notes: Im instrumentierten Einstufen-Dauerschwingversuch können aus Frequenz- und Leistungsmessungen an einer Vollresonanzprüfmaschine mit elektromagnetischer Erregung Aussagen über den Schädigungsverlauf in der Probe abgeleitet werden. Die Arbeit und der Arbeitsanstieg pro Schwingspiel ermöglichen eine quantitative Differenzierung der Proben im Hinblick auf ihre Gesamtlebensdauer. Aufbauend auf Ergebnissen von Einstufenversuchen wurden aussagekräftige Kurzverfahren zur Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung entwickelt un an zylindrischen Proben aus St 52-3 und an Widerstandspunktschweißverbindungen erprobt. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen deuten die Möglichkeit zur zuverlässigen Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung aus Kurzversuchen an.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19790101009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heißgaskorrosion und Zeitstandsfestigkeit an einer Nickelbasislegierung unter betriebsnahen Bedingungen bei 750°C bis 950°CAuszug aus der vom Fachbereich Maschinenwesen der Technischen Universität München genehmigten Dissertation über, „Einfluß der Hochtemperaturkorrosion auf das Langzeitverhalten von Nickelbasislegierungen“ des Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Joachim Dorn zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Dr.-Ing.; Tag der Promotion: 9.8.1977 (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hot gas corrosion and creep strength of a nickel base alloy in close-to-operating conditions at 750 to 950°CCreep rupture tests of the nickel base alloy René-41 in JP 4 hot gas stream and in air atmosphere show a significant decrease in the creep strength. Dotations of the hot gas with synthetic sea salt cause a more extensive decrease of the creep strength. Metallographic, scanning electron microscopic and microanalytical investigations yield comparable structure conditions and protective layer configurations under the stress of air and exhaustion gas atmosphere. The creep behaviour shows characterizing dependence of the surrounding medium. Within corrosive atmosphere there is no stationary region at the creep curves. Components of the power fuel diffuse into the material and cause ductile grain boundary coverings, which cause premature break of the material. By means of Auger microanalysis increased concentrations of sulphur could be proved in regions close to the surface.
    Notes: Zeitstandversuche am Nickelbasiswerkstoff René-41 im JP 4-Heißgasstrom und in Luftatmosphäre ergeben einen deutlichen Abfall der Zeitstandfestigkeit in korrosivem Medium. Dotierungen des Heißgases mit künstlichem Meersalz bewirken eine weitere Verminderung der Zeitstandfestigkeit. Metallographische, rasterelektronenmikroskopische und mikroanalytische Untersuchungen ergeben vergleichbare Gefügezustände und Deckschichtausbildungen bei Beanspruchung in Luft- und JP 4-Heißgasatmosphäre. Das Kriechverhalten weist jedoch spezifische Abhängigkeiten vom umgebenden Medium auf. In korrosiver Atmosphäre wird der stationäre Bereich der Kriechkurven stark eingeschränkt. In korrosivem Medium bilden sich auf den Korngrenzflächen duktile Phasenanteile, die vorzeitigen Bruch des Werkstoffes einleiten. Durch Auger-Mikrosonden-Untersuchungen ist der Nachweis gelungen, daß Schwefelbestandteile des Treibstoffes den durch Heißgas in Fluggasturbinen spezifischen Korrosionsmechanismus auslösen.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780290102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ableitung und Diskussion rationeller 1H-NMR-Struktur-parameter für 1,3-bzw. 1,5-disubstituierte Pyrazolderivate (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 281-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Discussion and Rationalization of 1H-n.m.r. Parameters for the Structural Assignment of 1,3- or 1,5- Disubstituted PyrazolesFor 44 1,3-disubstituted (1) or 1,5-disubstituted pyrazoles (2) with growing polarity μ of solvent the 1H-chemical shift δ (HC-5) (for 1) increases considerably more than δ (HC-3) (for 2), and, depending on the 5-substituent, δ (HC-3) often even decreases. This is interpreted in terms of nucleophilic interaction between polar solvent and “pyridine-like” pyrazole-(N-2), in enhancement of the contributions of polar canonical structures, in substituent effects, and in influences of the pyrazole dipole moments μr. Resultant dipole moments μr of disubstituted pyrazoles with the 3-resp. 5-substituents Me, Cl, NH2, and OMe, and their projections μ′r on the H-(C-5)-resp. H-(C-3)- bond axes are calculated.The chloro-pyrazoles 1h, 1i, 2h and 2i, 3-methoxy-, and 5-methoxy-1-benzyl-pyrazole are synthesized unambiguously. is recommended as significant parameter for the structural assignment of 1,3-disubstituted pyrazoles 1 and 1,5-disubstituted pyrazoles 2.
    Notes: Bei 44 1,3-disubstituierten (1) bzw. 1,5-disubstituierten Pyrazolen (2) steigt mit zunehmender Lösungsmittelpolarität μ die 1H-chemische Verschiebung δ (HC-5) (für 1) wesentlich stärker an als δ(HC-3) (für 2), und, abhängig vom 5-Substituenten, nimmt δ (HC-3) oft sogar ab. Dies wird mit nukleophiler Wechselwirkung zwischen polarem Lösungsmittel und „pyridinartigem“ Pyrazol-(N-2), mit Erhöhung des Gewichts polarer Grenzstrukturen mit Substituenteneffekten und mit Einflüssen des Pyrazol-Dipolmoments μr begründet. Gesamtdipolmomente μr disubstituierter Pyrazole mit den 3-bzw. 5-Substituenten Me, Cl, NH2 und OMe und ihre Projektionen μ′r auf die H-(C-5)- bzw. H-(C-3)-Bindungsachse werden berechnet.Die Chlor-pyrazole 1h, 1i, 2h und 2i sowie 3-Methoxy- und 5-Methoxy-1-benzyl-pyrazol werden eindeutig synthetisiert. wird als signifikanter Strukturparameter für 1,3-disubstituierte 1 bzw. 1,5-disubstituierte Pyrazole 2 empfohlen.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19773190216
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Struktur und Isomerisierung der 1,3-dipolaren Cycloaddukte von Malein- und Fumarsäure-dimethylester an Pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethinimineHerrn Prof. Dr. Günter Hilgetag zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 565-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structures and Isomerisation of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadducts of Dimethyl Maleate and Fumarate to 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethiniminesThe 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of dimethyl maleate 1b and fumarate 5b to the 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine 2 is a stereospecific cisoid reaction yielding the perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a] pyrazoles 3b/4b in the molar ratio of 2:1, and 6b/7b in the molar ratio 1:1. Starting with each of the 4 stereoisomers, epimerization, catalysed by alcoholate, results in all 4 of them 3b, 4b, 6b and 7b with 7b as sterically favoured main product. During the addition reaction no epimerization is occurring. 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. data are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19793210408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Chemie des Indols, XIII1) Synthesen in der β-Carbolinreihe, II; (±)-Yohimban und (±)-Epialloyohimban durch eine neue Indolsynthese (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1643-1656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Indole, XIII1). - Syntheses in the β-Carboline Series, II; (±)-Yohimban and (±)-Epialloyohimban by a Novel Indole SynthesisThe hydrindanone derivative 17 undergoes Schmidt rearrangement to yield selectively after reduction by LiAlH4 the perhydroisoquinolines 20, which have been alkylated at N-2′ by ethyl bromoacetate to give 21. Compound 21 has been cyclized by polyphosphoric anhydride via the acid 22 to yield the yohimban-6-ones 23 which on treatment with LiAlH4 give the title compounds 24a and b. To check the new synthesis the racemate of the natural substance 7 was synthesized.
    Notes: Durch Schmidt-Umlagerung des Hydrindanonderivats 17 und Reduktion mit LiAlH4 erhielt man selektiv die Perhydroisochinoline 20, welche am N-2′ mit Bromessigester zu 21 alkyliert und mittels Polyphosphorsäureanhydrid über die Säuren 22 zu den Yohimban-6-onen 23 cyclisiert werden konnten. Mit LiAlH4 entstanden daraus die Titelverbindungen 24a und b. Zuvor wurde zur Erprobung des neuen Syntheseweges das Racemat des Naturstoffs 7 dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197919791103
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