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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum chemical study of relative reactivities of a series of amines and nitriles: Relevance to prebiotic chemistry (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 5 (1975), S. 131-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Quantum Calculations ; Reactivity ; Nitriles ; Amines Prebiotic Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using the Iterative Extended Huckel Theory (IEHT) calculations of the electron distribution and orbital energies of a series of thirteen amines, nitriles and amino-nitriles relevant to prebiotic and cosmo-chemistry have been carried out. Ground state properties such as the energy and nature of the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest empty (LEMO) molecular orbitals, net atomic charges and number of nonbonding electrons have been identified as criteria for correlating the relative nucleophilicity of amine and nitrile nitrogens and the electrophilicity of nitrile and other unsaturated carbon atoms. The results of such correlations can be partially verified by known chemical behavior of these compounds and are used to predict and understand their role in prebiotic organic synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732518
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The possible role of solid surface area in condensation reactions during chemical evolution: Reevaluation (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 8 (1976), S. 357-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Clays ; Apatite ; Fluctuating System ; Prebiotic Environments ; Chemical Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Published data on adsorption and condensation of amino acids, purine and pyrimidine bases, sugars, nucleosides, and nucleotides are analyzed in connection with Bernal's hypothesis that clays and other minerals may have provided the most likely surface for adsorption and condensation of these molecules in prebiotic times. Using surface concentration and reaction rate as the main criteria for the feasibility of condensation reactions, four types of prebiotic environments were analyzed: (1) an ocean-sediment system, (2) a dehydrated lagoon bed produced by evaporation, (3) the surface of a frozen sediment, and (4) a fluctuating system where hydration (rainstorms, tidal variations, flooding) and dehydration (evaporation) take place in a cyclic manner. With the possible exception of nucleotides, low adsorption of organomonomers on sediment surfaces of a prebiotic ocean (pH 8) is expected, and significant condensation is considered unlikely. In dehydrated and frozen systems, high surface concentrations are probable and condensation is more likely. In fluctuating environments, condensation rates will be enhanced and the size distribution of the oligomers formed during dehydration may be influenced by a “redistribution mechanism” in which adsorbed oligomers and monomers are desorbed and redistributed on the solid surface during the next hydration-dehydration cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739261
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum chemical study of the thermodynamics, kinetics of formation and bonding of H2CN relevance to prebiotic chemistry (1975)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 6 (1975), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Using the Iterative Extended Huckel Theory (IEHT), energy-conformation studies have been carried out for H2CN (I),trans-HCNH (IIA), andcis-HCNH (IIB), three possible isomers formed by addition of a hydrogen atom to hydrogen cyanide. Calculations show that the order of decreasing thermodynamic stability is I≫IIA〉IIB. Additionally, from calculated energies along simulated reaction pathways, the formation of I from HCN+H appears to be kinetically favored over IIA. Calculated properties of the minimum energy conformers of I and IIA are described and the potential role of H2CN (I) as a reactive intermediate in prebiotic organic synthesis and its possible relevance to interstellar organic chemistry are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01372396
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A general packing algorithm for multidimensional resource requirements (1977)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 6 (1977), S. 131-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Algorithm ; heuristic ; memory allocation ; packing ; space utilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Many problems in resource allocations, memory allocation, and distributed computer system design can be formulated as problems of packing variablesized items into fixed-sized containers in order to minimize the total number of containers used. In this paper, a generalized packing algorithm that encompasses many well-known heuristic packing algorithms is proposed. Simulation results on this generalized packing algorithm are described, and their implications are discussed. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of various heuristic packing algorithms within a general framework, to obtain numerical estimates on their efficiency, and to provide guidelines on the use of these algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Eigenschaften von strukturellen homogenen Poly(-1-vinyluracilen) und deren Wechselwirkung mit Polynucleotides (1975)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 270-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01470273
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß der Korrektur für die Krümmungsabhängigkeit der Oberflächenspannung auf das Ergebnis der Porenverteilungs-Analyse (1977)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 1026-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01776300
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indikatoren in Benzin in Gegenwart von Polyoxyäthylen-(6)-Nonylphenol (1978)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 386-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544367
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of tensile properties from hardness measurements for Al-Zn-Mg alloys (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1976), S. 623-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The correlations between tensile properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and uniform strain) and indentation hardness are studied for two types of Al-Zn-Mg alloys. The reasons why Tabor's equations do not well fit the experimental data when the strain-hardening coefficient is larger than 0.3 are discussed. New equations for the determination of tensile properties from hardness measurements are theoretically derived and found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data for Al-Zn-Mg alloys. The equations areT u=(H v/c 2)[4.6(m−2)] m−2 and σy=(H v/C 2)1-(3−m〉 ) +25 (m−2), whereT u andσ y are ultimate tensile strength and yield strength,H v is Vicker's hardness number,m is Meyer's hardness coefficient,E is Young's modulus,c 2 is a constant about 2.9 in magnitude. In these equationsT u,σ y,H v andE are all expressed in kg mm−2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209447
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of air pollution particulates by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Verunreinigungen in Luft ; Röntgenphotoelektronen-Spektroskopie ; S- und N-haltige Teilchen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This paper discusses the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to the determination of the chemical composition of sulfur and nitrogen species in air pollution particulates. Core electron chemical shift measurements are augmented by the determination of relative concentrations and volatility of particulate species.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der Röntgenphotoelektronen-Spektroskopie auf die Bestimmung der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Schwefel und Stickstoff enthaltenden Verunreinigungsteilchen in Luft wird diskutiert. Messungen der chemischen Verschiebung werden ergänzt durch die Bestimmung der relativen Konzentrationen und der Flüchtigkeit der Verbindungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423577
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  • 10
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    Study of air pollution particulates by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-1152
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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