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  • Articles  (10)
  • Springer  (9)
  • Cambridge University Press  (1)
  • 1975-1979  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 1370-1371 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Data on haemoglobin do not support suggestions that the aoudadAmmotragus lervia is close to a hypothetical ancestor to the genusOvis in general or to the domesticated sheepOvis aries in particular.Ammotragus haemoglobin is more like that from the domestic goatCapra hircus than that from the domestic sheepOvis aries, but also shows some unique characteristics, perhaps more specialized than primitive.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Puppen von Rhagoletis cerasi L. aus üOsterreich, der Slovakei, der Schweiz und aus Italien, welche aus infizierten Kirschen gewonnen worden waren, wurden wüahrend 155 Tagen bei 4\dg gelagert und anschliessend füur die Weiterentwicklung in 11 konstanten und 4 fluktuierenden Temperaturregimen untersucht. Keine Fliegen schlüupften nach 324 Tagen Inkubationsdauer bei 8\dg, wüahrend die durchschnittliche Schlüupfrate bei den üubrigen Temperaturbedingungen 84% betrug. Die beobachteten und berechneten Werte füur die Entwicklungsdauer bis zur Erreichung der Schlüupfraten von 10% und 50% sind nach Geschlechtern und Herküunften getrennt in Tabellen aufgefüuhrt. Lineare Regressionsgleichungen wurden berechnet füur die Kurven der Entwicklungsraten und verwendet füur die Berechnung der Entwicklungsnullpunkte und effektiven Temperatursummen. Weibliche Fliegen schlüupften früuher als Müannchen und Puppen aus Italien entwickelten sich von allen vier Herküunften am langsamsten. Berechnet auf der Basis eines durchschnittlichen Entwicklungsnullpunktes von 6.8\dg als Schwellenwert benüotigten die Weibchen der verschiedenen Herküunfte bis zum Erreichen der Schlüupfrate von 10% folgende Temperatursummen in Gradtagen: üOsterreich 331\dg, Slovakei 319\dg, Italien 359\dg und die Schweiz 321. Die entsprechenden Werte für das Erreichen des Zeitpunktes von Schlüpfbeginn, 50% und 90% Schlüpfrate sind ebenfalls in Tabellenform dargestellt. Der normalerweise füur Prognosezwecke verwendete Schwellenwert von 5\dg wurde zu Vergleichszwecken ebenfalls in die Analyse der experimentellen Daten einbezogen, doch zeigte es sich, dass er zu tief liegt. Die üUberprüufung der Prognosemethode in der Schweiz mittels Bodentemperaturen in 5 cm Bodentiefe unter Anwendung des neuen Schwellenwertes von 6.8\dg und der effektiven Temperatursumme von 321 Gradtagen füuhrte jedoch zu den gleichen Schlussfolgerungen wie die Verwendung des traditionellen Schwellenwertes von 5\dg und der Summe von 430 Gradtagen. Da die Berechnungen auf der Basis von 5\dg einfacher sind und gute üUbereinstimmung mit den Fangresultaten im Freiland zeigen, besteht keine Veranlassung füur die praktische Anwendung den alten Schwellenwert zu üandern.
    Notes: Abstract Pupae of Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) from Austria, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland and Italy were stored at 4° for 155 days and then transferred to eleven constant and four cycling temperature regimes until the flies emerged. No flies emerged in 324 days at 8° constant but mean emergence was 84% for the remaining regimes. Female flies emerged slightly earlier than males and flies from Italy were the last to start emerging. Reduced to a common mean base temperature of 6.8°, temperature sums in day degrees C to 10% emergence of female flies were 331 (Austria), 319 (Czechoslovakia), 359 (Italy) and 321 (Switzerland). The equivalent sums are also given for first, 50% and 90% emergence. When tested with soil temperature data from Switzerland 321 day degrees above 6.8° and 430 day degrees above 5° gave effectively the same estimates for practical forecasting purposes.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 29 (1978), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nonlinear input-output behavior of the repetitive firing mechanism in crayfish tonic stretch receptor cells was studied using white-noise analysis; the latter technique allows estimation of Wiener kernel functions which provide a complete description of the system input-output behavior, at least for the conditions under which the experiment is performed. 200 ms-long steps of Gaussian-distributed current levels were injected through a microelectrode as the input. Nerve impulse (spike) frequency was used as the output variable. Analysis was restricted to signal frequency components less than or equal to the cell's firing frequency. For this frequency range, the Wiener kernels can be related directly to previously known physiological properties of neurons, such as pacemaker sensitivities, thresholds, and adaptation. Different measures of “spike frequency” (instantaneous frequency, average frequency, and convolution of the spike train with a Sinc function) were tested and gave approximately the same results, with the major differences being at high frequencies. At normal carrier frequencies (approx. 10 Hz) and small modulation depths (cell never shut off for long periods), the stretch receptor behaved very linearly; the first kernel had a peak at the origin followed by a negative decaying undershoot, as would be expected for a neuron with “refractory” (spike-dependent) adaptation; higher kernels made negligible contributions. In this range, the first kernel peak corresponded approximately to the cell's pacemaker sensitivity, as would be expected. When a high modulation depth was employed, the cell was silent for appreciable periods, indicating nonlinear behavior (half-wave rectification). The first kernels were qualitatively unchanged, but second kernels now made a significant contribution.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 29 (1978), S. 115-123 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simulated white noise analysis experiments on a simple integrate-and-fire neuron model with adaptation yields Wiener kernels comparable to those found for a crayfish stretch receptor neuron, for low modulation depths (linear range). At high modulation depths (nonlinear range), this model corresponds well to the neuron only if the “membrane potential” variable is constrained to positive values. An alternative kind of neural model considered is one in which spike initiation processes are ignored, and instead a time-continuous spike frequency variable is used. Such an analytic differential equation model can be represented by a half-wave rectifier with low-pass feedback; simulated white noise analysis of this model shows good correspondence with the stretch receptor, except at the higher frequencies approaching the cell's carrier frequency. The analytic system model is amenable to mathematical analysis using linear and nonlinear systems theory, resulting in equations which relate features of Wiener kernels (peaks, undershoots, time constants, etc.) to previously described features of neurons (threshold, pacemaker sensitivity, adaptation or post-inhibitory rebound).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 197-197 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1975-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1978-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-1200
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0770
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1978-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-1200
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0770
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1978-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1979-11-28
    Description: The horseshoe vortex formed around the base of a cylinder by a separating laminar boundary layer has been investigated experimentally. Smoke flow visualization shows that both steady and unsteady vortex systems exist. Pressure distributions beneath both types of vortex system have been measured and the variation of the horseshoe vortex position on the plane of symmetry upstream of the cylinder has been determined. Unsteady horseshoe vortex systems are shown to have a complex oscillatory behaviour and the nature of this oscillatory behaviour is described. Using smoke flow visualization techniques some measurements have been made of the velocity distributions within horseshoe vortex systems. © 1979, Cambridge University Press
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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