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  • 1
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    Electrification of experimental volcanic jets with varying water content and temperature (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Volcanic lightning – a near ubiquitous feature of explosive volcanic eruptions – possesses great potential for the analysis of volcanic plume dynamics. To date, lack of quantitative knowledge on the relationships between plume characteristics hinders efficient data analysis and application of the resulting parameterizations. We use a shock‐tube apparatus for rapid decompression experiments to produce particle‐laden jets. We have systematically and independently varied the water content (0‐27 wt%) and the temperature (25‐320 °C) of the particle‐gas mixture. The addition of a few wt% of water is sufficient to reduce the observed electrification by an order of magnitude. With increasing temperature, a larger number of smaller discharges are observed, with the overall amount of electrification staying similar. Changes in jet dynamics are proposed as the cause of the temperature‐dependence, while multiple factors (including the higher conductivity of wet ash) can be seen responsible for the decreased electrification in wet experiments.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Constraining the IMF at Pluto using New Horizons SWAP data and Hybrid Simulations (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract New Horizons did not carry a magnetometer, so there is no direct way to know the strength of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) at the time of the flyby. Using a hybrid model together with a detailed model of the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument [McComas et al., 2007] we have identified three observables that are sensitive to IMF strength: the width of Pluto's heavy ion tail, the energy of heavy ions, and the profile of thermal pressure along the New Horizons trajectory. By comparing simulation to data we infer that the IMF strength was most likely near or below ∼0.1 nT. We also show that the shell distribution of Interstellar Pickup Ions (IPUIs) is important for reproducing these observations due to its effect on global pressure balance.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    RNA-protein interactions in 30S ribosomal subunits: folding and function of 16S rRNA (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-05-19
    Description: Chemical probing methods have been used to "footprint" 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at each step during the in vitro assembly of twenty 30S subunit ribosomal proteins. These experiments yield information about the location of each protein relative to the structure of 16S rRNA and provide the basis for derivation of a detailed model for the three-dimensional folding of 16S rRNA. Several lines of evidence suggest that protein-dependent conformational changes in 16S rRNA play an important part in the cooperativity of ribosome assembly and in fine-tuning of the conformation and dynamics of 16S rRNA in the 30S subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, S -- Powers, T -- Changchien, L M -- Noller, H F -- GM-17129/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):783-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Thimann Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Ribosomal/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Innovation economics. Where is Silicon Valley? (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guzman, Jorge -- Stern, Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):606-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0201. Epub 2015 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. sstern@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    ENTREPRENEURSHIP. Linking and leveraging (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murray, Fiona -- Stern, Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1203. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5843.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. stern@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Microwaves: effect on thermoregulatory behavior in rats (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-07
    Description: Rats, with their fur clipped, pressed a lever to turn on an infrared lamp while in a cold chamber. When they were exposed to continuous-wave microwaves at 2450 megahertz for 15-minute periods, the rate at which they turned on the infrared lamp decreased as a function of the microwave power density, which ranged between 5 and 20 milliwatts per square centimeter. This result indicates that behaviorally significant levels of heating may occur at an exposure duration and intensities that do not produce measurable changes in many other behavioral measures or in colonic temperature. Further study of how microwaves affect thermoregulatory behavior may help us understand such phenomena as the reported "nonthermal" behavioral effects of microwaves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, S -- Margolin, L -- Weiss, B -- Lu, S T -- Michaelson, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*radiation effects ; Body Temperature Regulation/*radiation effects ; Male ; *Microwaves ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    An about 50,000-dalton protein in adrenal medulla: a common precursor of [Met]- and [Leu]enkephalin (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: A protein that may be an enkephalin precursor has been identified in extracts of bovine adrenal medulla. This protein (about 50,000 daltons) appears to contain seven copies of [Met]enkephalin and one copy of [Leu]enkephalin. Digestion with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B yields [Met]enkephalin and [Leu]enkephalin in a ratio of almost 7 to 1. The enkephalins were identified by chromatography and by their binding to opiate receptors. Some characteristics of several other adrenal peptides that may serve as intermediates in the biosynthesis of the enkephalins are presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, R V -- Stern, A S -- Kimura, S -- Rossier, J -- Stein, S -- Udenfriend, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1459-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/*analysis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chromaffin Granules/*analysis ; Chromaffin System/*analysis ; Endorphins/*biosynthesis ; Enkephalin, Leucine ; Enkephalin, Methionine ; Enkephalins/*biosynthesis ; Molecular Weight ; Oligopeptides/analysis ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; Protein Precursors/*analysis ; Proteins/*analysis ; Trypsin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Impact craters on Pluto and Charon indicate a deficit of small Kuiper belt objects (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The flyby of Pluto and Charon by the New Horizons spacecraft provided high-resolution images of cratered surfaces embedded in the Kuiper belt, an extensive region of bodies orbiting beyond Neptune. Impact craters on Pluto and Charon were formed by collisions with other Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) with diameters from ~40 kilometers to ~300 meters, smaller than most KBOs observed directly by telescopes. We find a relative paucity of small craters 13 kilometers in diameter, which cannot be explained solely by geological resurfacing. This implies a deficit of small KBOs (1 to 2 kilometers in diameter). Some surfaces on Pluto and Charon are likely 4 billion years old, thus their crater records provide information on the size-frequency distribution of KBOs in the early Solar System.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Novel monitoring of Antarctic ice shelf basal melting using a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing mooring (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: Measuring basal melting of ice shelves is challenging and represents a critical component towards understanding ocean-ice interactions and climate change. In November 2011, moorings containing fiber-optic cables for distributed temperature sensing (DTS) were installed through the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, (~200 m) and extending ~600 m into the ice shelf cavity. The high spatial resolution of DTS allows for transient monitoring of the thermal gradient within the ice shelf. The gradient near the ice-ocean interface is extrapolated to the in situ freezing temperature in order to continuously track the ice-ocean interface. Seasonal melt rates are calculated to be ~1.0 mm d -1 and 8.6 mm d -1 and maximum melting corresponds to the arrival of seasonal warm surface water in the ice shelf cavity between January and April. The development of continuous, surface-based techniques for basal melting represents a significant advance in monitoring ice shelf stability and ice-ocean interactions.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Dunes on Pluto (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Description: The surface of Pluto is more geologically diverse and dynamic than had been expected, but the role of its tenuous atmosphere in shaping the landscape remains unclear. We describe observations from the New Horizons spacecraft of regularly spaced, linear ridges whose morphology, distribution, and orientation are consistent with being transverse dunes. These are located close to mountainous regions and are orthogonal to nearby wind streaks. We demonstrate that the wavelength of the dunes (~0.4 to 1 kilometer) is best explained by the deposition of sand-sized (~200 to ~300 micrometer) particles of methane ice in moderate winds (〈10 meters per second). The undisturbed morphology of the dunes, and relationships with the underlying convective glacial ice, imply that the dunes have formed in the very recent geological past.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Planetary Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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