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  • Articles  (24)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (24)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • Springer Nature
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (24)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 208 Planning Approach to Ground-Water Protection — What Is Wrong and What Can Be Done About It? (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 17 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Generally, the 208 planning approach is deficient in a number of ways. Its origin lies in Public Law 92-500, which focuses on protection of surface water and special uses of water for fish, wildlife, and recreation. Little ground water is used for these purposes. Nonpoint sources have not been defined in terms that have hydrogeologic significance. Local and State regulatory agencies have often been unsuccessful in controlling ground-water pollution, yet the 208 approach tends to disregard the reasons for this situation. The reasons for ground-water pollution in an area must be understood before meaningful control measures can be enacted. These include both technical and institutional problems.Planners are placed in the forefront of many 208 programs at the local level and often their backgrounds are inadequate in ground water. There is a great lack of ground-water professionals in regulatory agencies involved, particularly in the Southwest. This deficiency is paramount at high levels and in many regional offices of EPA. There are no provisions in the approach to insure that qualified ground-water geologists or hydrologists will be involved. Academic training in ground water is presently oriented toward ground-water development and not pollution. Lastly, public participation is greatly limited by the general lack of knowledge regarding ground water and its pollution.Successful 208 programs in terms of ground water have been enacted when ground-water professionals have had major roles. Changes are necessary in the academic training of ground-water geologists and hydrologists. The public must be educated concerning the long-term consequences of ground-water pollution. Lastly, ground-water professionals must assume the leadership in ground-water protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03290.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS UTILIZING HEAT-SHRINKABLE TUBING (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 16 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Hydraulic conductivity studies of a consolidated pozzolanic material indicate that heat-shrinkable tubing can be utilized to encase cylinders for use in a permeameter. The materials required for encasement of a sample include: heat-shrinkable tubing, hose clamps, polyvinyl chloride discs, glass tubing, and an electric oven. The procedure requires that the assembled PVC discs, filters, shrinkable tubing, and sample be placed on a support stand in an electric oven for three to four minutes at a temperature between 450–500° F. Upon removal from the oven, hose clamps are placed around each PVC disc. The method has several advantages. It saves time and expenses over conventional methods such as pneumatic pressurized core holders or triaxial testing units and preserves the original interstitial bore spaces of the sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1978.tb03202.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water Quality Variations for Pumping Wells (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 15 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Past ground-water quality monitoring programs have often involved sampling of low-capacity wells near point or line sources of recharge or pollution. However, large-capacity wells produce much of the ground water pumped for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses. Short-term, seasonal, and long-term fluctuations in quality are common for water pumped from many large-capacity wells. In many cases, there is a considerable difference between in-situ “ground-water quality” and the quality of water sampled at the well discharge.Short-term pump tests for several municipal wells in the San Joaquin Valley, California have indicated that nitrate concentrations decreased exponentially with pumping time. Variability in pump operation creates substantial short-term changes in well-water quality. Short-term changes are most evident for infrequently pumped, shallow wells near point or line sources of recharge or pollution. Seasonal changes in quality have been documented for water from wells in areas of diffuse sources of pollution, such as agricultural return flow and septic tanks. These changes are primarily due to significant changes in depth to water and vertical hydraulic head gradient. Once the short-term and seasonal trends are established, the optimal sampling approach can be determined in order to establish long-term trends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1977.tb03157.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thomas P. Ahrens – Father of Water Well Technology (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 14 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03129.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of Future Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 14 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Over the last few years rises in the nitrate content of ground water from wells and springs in the principal aquifers of the United Kingdom have been observed. In a number of cases the concentrations have exceeded the WHO lower recommended limit. In order to determine the reason for the rise, to assess whether it will continue and the eventual nitrate levels, the Water Research Centre has undertaken an extensive programme of drilling and sampling on the Chalk and Bunter Sandstone, and by August 1976, twenty-two sites had been examined. This work has established that high nitrate concentrations (peaks up to 60 mg/l NO3-N have been observed) are present in the unsaturated aquifers at fertilized arable/ley sites. At unfertilized grassland sites nitrate concentrations are low (less than 4 mg/l NO3-N) and below fertilized established grassland values are in the intermediate range. At one farm site near Winchester, models to predict the rate of movement of nitrate through the unsaturated and saturated Chalk have been developed. These suggest that the nitrate levels at this site will remain at an essentially constant value of about 4 mg/l NO3-N until the late 1970's when they will rise progressively to about 4 mg/l NO3-N. The models have been checked against tritium data and the approach is now being extended to other sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03136.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsteady Flow to a Nonpenetrating Artesian Well (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 14 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Exact solution to the problem of unsteady drawdown in a leaky artesian aquifer due to a constant discharge nonpenetrating well is presented. Finiteness of the well radius and aquifer anisotropy are considered in formulating the problem. Solution is derived on the assumption that the flux entering the pumped well is uniformly distributed over the plane circular bottom of the well. The aquifer is considered to be finite in thickness, but of infinite lateral extent. The flow of ground water is assumed to be governed by Jacob's model of linear leakage. Laplace transformation technique is employed in the theoretical development. The drawdown function is numerically integrated in terms of dimensionless parameters of the flow system and the results are depicted in graphs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03104.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRAINING OF HYDROGEOLOGISTS FOR GROUND-WATER POLLUTION EVALUATIONS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 17 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03324.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate, Chloride and Dissolved Solids, Ogallala Aquifer, West Texas (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 16 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The distribution of nitrate, chloride and dissolved solids from ground water from the Ogallala aquifer in a 27-county area of west Texas illustrates widespread areas of poor water quality. Elements studied increased in concentration from northwest to southeast across the Southern High Plains. Northeast of a line from about Clovis, New Mexico to Lubbock, Texas, nitrate tends to be 〈45 mg/l, chloride is 〈20 mg/l, and dissolved solids are 〈400 mg/l. However, southwest of this line nitrate may exceed 60 mg/l and in some areas exceeds 170 mg/l. Chloride commonly exceeds 500 mg/l and may be 〉2000 mg/l, and dissolved solids usually exceed 1000 mg/l and may be 〉8000 mg/l. Regional distribution may be the result of long-term migration of Ogallala ground water but the present water quality and distribution, as well as time, distance, stratigraphy and permeability, suggest contamination of Ogallala ground water by vertical rather than lateral migration. Most of the high nitrate values (〉45 mg/l) occur in areas having sandy soils which have been intensively cultivated, thus leaching of nitrogen-based fertilizers is suspect. However, the high chloride and dissolved solids, which exist in essentially the same geographic area, probably represent vertical to local lateral seepage of saline water from large alkali lake basins and local vertical migration from saline Cretaceous aquifers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1978.tb03218.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental Effects of Highway Deicing Salts (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 14 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The application of deicing salts is usually a highly successful strategy in improving driving conditions but the environmental impact of such actions may be a cause for concern. Since cheap, harmless and efficient alternatives to salt are not currently available it is suggested that moderation and regulation of salt applications are necessary if harmful side-effects of deicing salts are to be minimized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03117.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground-Water Pollution — A Limited Problem (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 17 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Few would argue that ground-water pollution is a problem and that serious ground-water pollution problems do exist. As serious as some isolated ground-water pollution problems are, regionally and nationally, it is only a limited problem. An industrial landfill may result in a leachate plume contaminating ground water over an area of up to several square miles downgradient from the disposal site. Municipal landfills or chemical/petroleum spills can result in polluted ground water over areas measured in square miles. Surrounding these areas of ground-water pollution, however, are tens and hundreds of square miles of area where the ground water moving through the aquifers maintains its natural good quality. The ratio of good quality to contaminated water is such that ground-water pollution can really only be considered as a limited problem.The problem will most likely remain limited as existing and future regulations continue to restrict the poor disposal practices that have been responsible for much of the past and existing pollution problems. Technology has advanced to the point that with proper management and sound governmental regulations, control, isolation and cleanup of contamination sources and areas of polluted ground water can be so effective that migration of the pollution front can be stopped and actually reversed with time.The same technology that provided us with the new chemicals and the wastes that show up in water analyses, has also provided us with the means of detecting many more contaminants at much lower levels of concentration in a water sample than was possible 50, 25 or even 10 years ago. One must thus ask, has ground-water pollution really become a national crisis, or do we just know more about an old problem made apparently more complicated by our own technological advances?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03269.x
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