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  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Elsevier
  • 1975-1979  (9)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Elsevier
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the nitrogen fixing apparatus in the legumes, Centrosema pubescens Benth., and Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Centrosema leghaemoglobin ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase ; Vigna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sequence of events leading up to the establishment of symbiotic nitrogen-fixation were studied in two tropical legumes, Centrosema pubescens Benth, and Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Parameters measured included fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll and leghaemoglobin contents, as well as the activities of NADH-nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1), and nitrogenase (nitric-oxide reductase-EC 1.7.99.2) in plants that were inoculated with suitable rhizobia or which were watered with potassium nitrate. Dry weight and photosynthetic activity of both species followed the sigmoidal pattern which is characteristic of most plants. Growth was little different in either a qualitative or quantitative sense whether nitrogen was supplied as nitrate or through dinitrogen fixation. Although the biochemical sequence of events was dependent on the limiting sensitivities of the individual assays used, the data suggest that nitrate reductase is the first measurable enzymatic activity in the nodules (and roots), followed by acetylene reduction and leghaemoglobin in that order. It is possible therefore, that low levels of symbiotic nitrogen fixation occur in the nodules in the absence of leghaemoglobin. Nitrate reductase activity in C. pubescens nodules was negatively exponentially correlated with nitrogenase activity of the same nodules, suggesting a changing metabolism in old nodules. These data are discussed in terms of environmental and physical factors known to control nitrogen fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387146
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen production and uptake by pea nodules as affected by strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 116 (1978), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hydrogen evolution ; Hydrogenase ; Nodules ; Bacteroids ; Nitrogenase ; Rhizobium leguminosarum ; Acetylene reduction ; Nitrogen fixation ; Pisum sativum ; Legumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogen evolution from root nodules has been reported to make N2 fixation by some legume-Rhizobium symbiotic systems inefficient. We have surveyed the extent of H2 evolution and estimated relative efficiencies of nodules of Austrian winter peas formed by 15 strains of R. leguminosarum. Their rates of H2 evolution in air were about 30% of the rates of H2 evolution under an atmosphere in which N2 was replaced by Ar. Relative efficiency values based on C2H2 reduction rates ranged from 0.55 to 0.80. With some of the strains, hydrogenase activities were demonstrated in intact nodules and in bacteroids, but the levels of activity were insufficient to recycle all the H2 evolved by the nitrogenase system. In both intact nodules and bacteroids the hydrogenase is less sensitive to O2 damage than the nitrogenase system, so H2 uptake capacity was observed in intact nodules by suppressing the nitrogenase-dependent H2 evolution with an atmosphere containing a high O2 concentration, and in bacteroids by using aerobically prepared bacteroid suspensions. The hydrogenase activity of both was dependent on O2 consumption. A K mfor H2 of near 4 μM was determined in suspension of bacteroids from nodules formed by strains 128C53 and 128C56.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and physiological characterization of the nitrogen fixing bacterium Corynebacterium autotrophicum GZ 29 (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Aerobic hydrogen bacteria ; Oxygen sensitivity ; Efficiency ; Aerobic and anaerobic acetylene reduction ; Corynebacterium autotrophicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The coryneform hydrogen bacterium strain GZ 29, assigned to Corynebacterium autotrophicum fixed molecular nitrogen under autotrophic (H2, CO2) as well as under heterotrophic (sucrose) conditions. Physiological parameters of nitrogen fixation were measured under heterotrophic conditions. The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for cells grown in a fermenter with N2 was rather low (0.14 mg O2/l) compared with cells grown in the presence of NH 4 + (4.45 mg O2/l). C. autotrophicum GZ 29 had a doubling time of 3.7 h at 30°C with N2 as N-source and sucrose as carbon source and at optimal pO2. Acetylene reduction reached values of 12 nmoles of ethylene produced/minxmg protein. Although the oxygen concentration in the growing culture was kept constant, the optimal dissolved oxygen tension for the acetylene reduction assay shifted to higher pO2-values. The overall efficiency of nitrogen fixation amounted to 22 mg N fixed/g sucrose consumed; it reached a maximal value of 65 mg N fixed/g sucrose consumed at the beginning of the exponential growth phase. Intact cells reduced acetylene even under anaerobic test conditions; further anaerobic metabolic activity could not be ascertained so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425088
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation by hydrogen-utilizing bacteria (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hydrogen bacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction ; Mycobacterium flavum 301 ; Corynebacterium autotrophicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seventeen strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, isolated from different habitats on hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as on other substrates, morphologically resembled each other. All strains, including Mycobacterium flavum 301, grew autotrophically with hydrogen. The isolate strain 6 was sensitive to oxygen when dependent on N2 as nitrogen source, a consequence of the sensitivity of its nitrogenase towards oxygen. At the same time, strain 6 was sensitive to hydrogen when growing autotrophically on N2 as nitrogen source, but hydrogen did not affect acetylene reduction by these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425333
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of cyanobacteria from the aquatic fern, Azolla (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 120 (1979), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Azolla ; Cyanobacteria ; Blue-green algae ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiont ; Photoheterotroph ; Algal isolation ; Photosynthesis ; Plant metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure has been developed to isolate cyanobacteria from the aquatic fern Azolla. The method is based upon recovery of cyanobacterial “bundles” from digests of plants and use of this material as a massive inoculum for nitrogen-free media, followed by prolonged incubation in light. The procedure appears to select for those cells capable of growth in vitro. Isolated cyanobacteria were found to resemble Anabaena sp. morphologically but were capable of heterotrophic growth and had high nitrogenase activity when grown on fructose in the dark.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The utilization of molecular hydrogen by the blue-green alga Anabaena cylindrica (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Anabaena ; Hydrogenase ; Hydrogen-uptake ; Nitrogenase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Protection mechanism ; Inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The blue-green alga Anabaena cylindrica is found to consume molecular hydrogen in a hydrogenase dependent reaction. This hydrogen uptake proceeds in the dark and is strictly dependent on oxygen, thus representing a Knallgas reactions. Its rate is almost as high as that of the endogenous respiration in Anabaena. Studies with inhibitors reveal that hydrogen is utilized via the complete respiratory chain providing additional energy for the alga. CO plus C2H2 completely block the Knallgas reaction which explains the previously reported considerable increase in the total H2 formation representing the difference between the nitrogenase-dependent H2-evolution and the reutilization of the gas catalysed by the hydrogenase in intact Anabaena. H2 is able to support the C2H2-reduction in the dark in a reaction again strictly dependent on oxygen. Moreover, H2 is also consumed in experiments carried out under far red light and in the presence of dichlorophenyl-dimenthyl-urea (DCMU) where the energy for nitrogen fixation is no longer provided by respiration but by cyclic photophosphorylation. Under these conditions, H2 is found to supply electrons for the formation of C2H4 from C2H2 in a reaction no longer dependent on the presence of oxygen. Moreover, in these experiments, the presence of H2 stabilizes the C2H2-reduction activity against the deleterious effect of oxygen. Thus, this communication provides evidence for a triplicate function of the H2-uptake catalysed by hydrogenase in intact Anabaena which is (a) to provide energy by the Knallgas reaction, (b) to supply reducing equivalents for nitrogenase, (c) to protect nitrogenase from damage by oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429628
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation of millet with azospirillum (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum ; Dry weight ; Greenhouse ; Inoculation ; Millet ; Nitrogen fixation ; Pennisetum ; Spirillum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Millet plants (Pennisetum glaucum) were grown at three levels of nitrogen fertilization with and without an inoculum of live nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum cells. The highest average rate of nitrogen fixation as estimated from acetylene reduction by excised preincubated roots was only 23g N2 fixed per ha per day and occurred after treatment with low levels of nitrogen amendment. The average rates of acetylene reduction for intact plants at all treatments were also low. The lack of significant nitrogen fixation due to an Azospirillum-millet association in this study was substantiated by plant dry weight analysis, and determination of the nitrogen content of plants, pot leachate, and soil. There was significant correlation between the total nitrogen content of the plants per pot at the termination of the experiment and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer added initially, but there was no effect of inoculum on final total nitrogen content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197731
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimate of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in field grown soybeans using variations in15N Natural abundance (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 269-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acetylene reduction assay ; Nitrogen fixation ; 15N natural abundance ; Soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The use of variations in natural abundance of15N between nitrogen fixing and non nitrogen fixing soybeans was investigated for quantitative estimate of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Isotopic analysis of 4 varieties of inoculated and non-inoculated soybeans growing under field conditions, with and without N-fertilizer was determined. It was found that inoculated soybeans had a significantly lower15N content than non-inoculated ones. Estimates of the participation of fixed N to the total nitrogen content of inoculated soybeans were calculated from these differences. They were compared to estimates calculated from differences in N yield between inoculated and noninoculated plants and to the nitrogenase activity, measured by the C2H2 reduction assay over the growing season. Estimates given by the15N measurements were correlated with the C2H2 reducing activity but not with the differences in the N yield. This shows that the isotopic composition was dependent on the amount of fixed nitrogen and consequently that the estimates of fixed nitrogen based on natural15N abundance should be reliable. The absence of correlation between estimates based on15N content and estimates based on N yield was explained by differences in the uptake of soil nitrogen between inoculated and non inoculated soybeans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184565
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation byRubus ellipticus J. E. Smith (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 53 (1979), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Root nodules ; Actinomycetous symbiosis ; Rubus ellipticus ; Raspberry ; Rosaceae ; Food-yielding nodulated non-legume ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogenase activity as assayed by acetylene reduction was observed in detachedRubus ellipticus J. E. Smith root nodules collected in the field and tested under ambient conditions. The nitrogenase activity was 8.4 μmoles C2H4.gfr. wt nodule−1.h−1 or 24.0 μmoles C2H4.g dry wt nodule−1.h−1 being at a rate comparable with that measured in some other non-legumes assayed in Java at the same time under similar conditions. Nodule morphology bore little resemblance to the root nodules of other non-leguminous plants and nodule structure was different from the other rosaceous examples. The endophyte inhabiting the root nodules was actinomycetal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140725
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