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  • 1
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    Temperature distributions of a cesium-seeded hydrogen-oxygen supersonic free jet (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The hydrogen-oxygen plasma was generated at combustion chamber pressures ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 megapascals and for various seed ratios (1 to 10 percent). The plasma was observed as the atmospheric exhaust from a Mach 2 rocket test facility. Transverse profiles of the absolute integrated intensity were measured with the optically thin CsI lines (0.5664 and 0.5636 microns) at a range of axial positions downstream of the 5-cm-diameter combustor nozzle exit. Radial profiles of the emission coefficient were obtained from the measured transverse profiles of intensity by Abel inversion. Temperatures were then determined from the emission coefficients for conditions of local thermodynamic equilibrium using particle densities generated by a two-dimensional free jet computer program. Temperature results show the inherent effects of compression and expansion pressure waves characteristic of a free jet exiting from a supersonic nozzle.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TP-1162 , E-9267
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Spectroscopic determination of electrical conductivity in an MHD duct from absolute intensity measurements (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Measurements of the electrical conductivity in the NASA Lewis cesium seeded, H2-O2 MHD duct made by applying a voltage across the channel from one end electrode to the other, measuring the current, and using the inner electrodes as probes to monitor the voltage distribution along the channel were found to be in good agreement with theory except at low combustion pressures and/or high ratios of seed/oxygen mass flows. To corroborate these measurements and to analyze the possibility of nonuniform seed injection as a cause of the above deviations, a spectroscopic investigation of the plasma conductivity was undertaken. Radial profiles of emission coefficient were obtained from measured transverse profiles of the absolute integrated intensity by Abel inversion. Radial profiles of electrical conductivity were then obtained under two different assumptions. In the first the Cs seed fraction is assumed uniform and equal to the measured flow rate at the time when the temperature and conductivity were obtained. In the second method the local temperature and pressure are taken to be those given by a one-dimensional channel calculation including heat transfer and friction. The results of the two methods are compared to the previously measured conductivity.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Symposium on the Engineering Aspects of Magnetohydrodynamics; May 16, 1977 - May 18, 1977; Pittsburgh, PA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Estimates of Optimal Operating Conditions for Hydrogen-Oxygen Cesium-Seeded Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generator (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The value of percent seed, oxygen to fuel ratio, combustion pressure, Mach number, and magnetic field strength which maximize either the electrical conductivity or power density at the entrance of an MHD power generator was obtained. The working fluid is the combustion product of H2 and O2 seeded with CsOH. The ideal theoretical segmented Faraday generator along with an empirical form found from correlating the data of many experimenters working with generators of different sizes, electrode configurations, and working fluids, are investigated. The conductivity and power densities optimize at a seed fraction of 3.5 mole percent and an oxygen to hydrogen weight ratio of 7.5. The optimum values of combustion pressure and Mach number depend on the operating magnetic field strength.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8374 , E-8828
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  • 4
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    Results and progress on the NASA Lewis H2-O2 MHD program (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A rocket test facility at the NASA Lewis Research Center has been used to develop interelectrode insulating materials, measure heat losses, and determine the fluid dynamic and electrical properties of MHD ducts and the cesium-seeded H2-O2 working fluid. Test results show that flame sprayed ceramic coatings on combustion chamber and nozzle walls permit operation with hot walls, eliminating problems associated with seed condensation; however, the net heat transfer was unexpectedly increased over that of cold copper walls. Pressure disturbances associated with oblique pressure waves were measured in a rocket nozzle designed to achieve low weight rather than perfectly parallel flow at the exit. Electrical conductivity measurements were in good agreement with theory except at low combustion pressures and/or high seed/oxygen mass flow ratios. The discrepancy is thought to result from poor atomization of the seed, producing droplets which do not completely vaporize during their residence time.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Symposium on the Engineering Aspects of Magnetohydrodynamics; May 24, 1976 - May 26, 1976; Philadelphia, PA
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  • 5
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    A summary of the ECAS performance and cost results for MHD system (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The interagency-funded, NASA-coordinated Energy Conversion Alternatives Study (ECAS) has studied the potential of various advanced power plant concepts using coal and coal-derived fuel. Principle studies were conducted through prime contracts with the General Electric Company and the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The results indicate that open-cycle coal-fired direct-preheat MHD systems have potentially one of the highest coal-pile-to-bus-bar efficiencies and also one of the lowest costs of electricity (COE) of the systems studied. Closed-cycle MHD systems may have the potential to approach the efficiency and COE of open-cycle MHD. The 1200-1500 F liquid-metal MHD systems studied do not appear to have the potential of exceeding the efficiency or competing with the COE of advanced steam plants.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Symposium on the Engineering Aspects of Magnetohydrodynamics; May 24, 1976 - May 26, 1976; Philadelphia, PA
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  • 6
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    Preliminary results in the NASA Lewis H2-O2 combustion MHD experiment (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: MHD power generation experiments have been carried out in the NASA Lewis Research Center cesium-seeded H2-O2 combustion facility. This facility uses a neon-cooled cryomagnet capable of producing magnetic fields in excess of 5 tesla. The effects of power takeoff location, generator loading, B-field strength, and electrode breakdown on generator performance are discussed. The experimental data is compared to a theory based on one-dimensional flow with heat transfer, friction, and voltage drops.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Montana Energy and MHD Research and Development Institute, Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology, and Montana State University, Symposium on the Engineering Aspects of Magnetohydrodynam; Jun 18, 1979 - Jun 20, 1979; Butte, MT
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  • 7
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    Results of duct area ratio changes in the NASA Lewis H2-O2 combustion MHD experiment (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: MHD power generation experiments utilizing a cesium-seeded H2-O2 working fluid were carried out using a diverging area Hall duct having an entrance Mach number of 2. The experiments were conducted in a high field strength cryomagnet facility at field strengths up to 5 tesla. The effects of power takeoff location, generator loading B field strength, and electrode breakdown voltage were investigated. The effect of area ratio, multiple loading of the duct, and duct location within the magnetic field are considered.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79308 , E-264 , Aerospace Sci. Meeting; Jan 14, 1980 - Jan 16, 1980; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 8
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    Performance optimization of an MHD generator with physical constraints (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A technique has been described which optimizes the power out of a Faraday MHD generator operating under a prescribed set of electrical and magnetic constraints. The method does not rely on complicated numerical optimization techniques. Instead the magnetic field and the electrical loading are adjusted at each streamwise location such that the resultant generator design operates at the most limiting of the cited stress levels. The simplicity of the procedure makes it ideal for optimizing generator designs for system analysis studies of power plants. The resultant locally optimum channel designs are, however, not necessarily the global optimum designs. The results of generator performance calculations are presented for an approximately 2000 MWe size plant. The difference between the maximum power generator design and the optimal design which maximizes net MHD power are described. The sensitivity of the generator performance to the various operational parameters are also presented.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 05, 1979 - Aug 10, 1979; Boston, MA
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  • 9
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    Preliminary results in the NASA Lewis H2-O2 combustion MHD experiment (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) power generation experiments were carried out in the NASA Lewis Research Center cesium-seeded H2-O2 combustion facility. This facility uses a neon-cooled cryomagnet capable of producing magnetic fields in excess of 5 tesla. The effects of power takeoff location, generator loading, B-field strength, and electrode breakdown on generator performance are discussed. The experimental data is compared to a theory based on one-dimensional flow with heat transfer, friction, and voltage drops.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79135 , E-9983 , Symp. on the Eng. Aspects of Magnetohydrodyn.; Jun 18, 1979 - Jun 20, 1979; Butte, MT; United States
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