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  • General Chemistry  (144)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (20)
  • Optic nerve  (2)
  • Blendendruckabfall  (1)
  • 1975-1979  (140)
  • 1945-1949  (9)
  • 1925-1929  (17)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 1809-1820 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have considered whether or not the tertiary structure of a biomolecule is the same in a crystal (or an oriented film) as it is in solution. A methodology has been developed for comparing polarized absorption spectra obtained from a solid-state sample with those obtained from an oriented solute to further resolve this question. An electric dichroism instrument built in our laboratory was used to measure the solution dichroism signal which, along with the ordinary solution uv absorption spectra, yields polarized absorption spectra in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the applied electric field. These were then compared to polarized absorption data from oriented films of nucleic acids to determine whether the two sets of data could be rotated into coincidence. This rotation was accomplished using a computer program based on a nonlinear programming method. Four nucleic acids were studied and the film and solution data for three of these were found to be equivalent, requiring rotation through an angle of 3°-20°, depending on film humidity, to bring them into coincidence. For the fourth sample we were unable, perhaps because of signal-to-noise ratio limitations, to find a correlation. Flow dichroism and electric dichroism data were also found to be quite similar. Thus it is clear that the induced dipole moment is along the helical axis and that the physical, hydrodynamical, and electrical axes of the nucleic acid molecules are equivalent.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 579-590 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-leucyl-D-leucyl-L-leucyl-D-leucine tetrapeptide was synthesized from L- and D-leucine α-amino acids by conventional coupling methods. This tetrapeptide was transformed into an activated (polymerizable) tetrapeptide by conversion to the pentachlorophenyl ester and subsequent removal of the tert-butoxycarbonyl group. Condensation polymerizations of the activated tetrapeptide were performed in various solvents with triethylamine and N,N-diethyl-1-amino-2-propanol bases. Molar masses (“molecular weights”) of the resulting polymers were estimated to be in excess of 34000 g/mol. From optical rotation measurements in trifluoroacetic acid solution, it was found that the polymers were highly syndiotactic, although a small amount of isomerization (0,9-2,1%) occurred to yield polymers with a small excess of L-leucine residues. The degree of isomerization decreased with decreasing base strength and concentration and with decreasing polarity of the solvent; these effects were explained in terms of the simultaneous enolization and/or oxazolone-formation reactions.Preliminary studies of the conformation of syndiotactic poly(leucine) were performed with X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR and optical rotation methods. It was concluded that syndiotactic poly(leucine) most probably exists in a π-helical conformation with a preferred screw sense in both the solid state and in chloroform solution. NMR and optical rotation data on solutions in trifluoroacetic acid/chloroform showed that the polymer exhibits a conformational transition in the region of 4-10% trifluoroacetic acid content.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 1597-1600 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 2393-2399 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 13C NMR spectroscopy allows the determination of the microtacticity of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and its models, the dimer, trimer, and tetramer of acrylonitrile (1a-c). In the case of the oligomers, the carbons of the chain are the most stereosensitive ones, but in the case of PAN it is the carbon of the cyano group. The 13C NMR spectrum of PAN composed of ten peaks which can be assigned to the ten possible pentad configurations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 28 (1977), S. 688-696 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion of lead in acid tetrafluoborate electrolytesThe corrosion of 99,985% lead in acid tetrafluoborate electrolytes, predominantly 1 mole/litre HBF4 and 2 mole/litre Pb (BF4)2, was investigated. The corrosion rate in air saturated solution at 20°C is 35 μA/cm2, which corresponds to 1 mm/a. Oxygen corrosion predominates (corrosion is rather reduced under argon). At higher temperatures, corrosion rate increases by an order of magnitude, and acid corrosion has a greater share due to a decrease of hydrogen overvoltage on lead and solubility of oxygen. Cementable additives like Cu++, Sb+++ and Pd++ are found to enhance the initial corrosion rate by up to two orders of magnitude. However, after 10-20 hours, the original value is reestablished. Bi+++ is cemented as well; the resulting acceleration of corrosion is proportional to the additive concentration and decreases but slowly. Oxidants like Fe+++ or quinone accelerate the dissolution of lead as well and are consumed stoichometrically. Reducing agents like Fe++, V+++ or hydroquinone are not able to act as a mediator for air corrosion. Nitrate ions are virtually inert in the given concentration range. Consequences in reference to the lead dissolution secondary battery are discussed. Self discharge in the absence of O2 is very low. On the other hand, it is possible by oxygen corrosion to redissolve lead, which has accumulated on the electrode. In this way, the battery can be brought back to its original state.
    Notes: Die Korrosion von 99,985%igem Blei in tetrafluoborsauren Elektrolyten, insbesondere in einer Lösung von 1 Mol/1 HBF4 + 2 Mol/1 Pb(BF4)2, wurde eingehend untersucht. Bei 20°C beträgt in luftgesättigter Lösung die Korrosionsrate 35 μA/cm2, entsprechend 1,0 mm/a. Da unter Argon die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit stark zurückgeht, liegt vorwiegend Sauerstoffkorrosion vor. Bei höheren Temperaturen (50°C) kommt wegen der abnehmenden Wasserstofflüberspannung am Blei und der zurückgehenden Sauerstofflöslichkeit dagegen die Säurekorrosion mehr in den Vordergrund, wobei die Korrosionsrate insgesamt um eine Größenordnung steigt. Zementierbare Additive wie Cu++, Sb+++ und Pd++ erhöhen anfänglich die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit um bis zu zwei Zehnerpotenzen, aber nach 10-20 h hat sich wieder der alte Wert eingestellt. Bi+++ wird ebenfalls zementiert, wobei eine mittlere, zur Additivkonzentration proportionale und zeitlich wenig abnehmende Korrosionsbeschleunigung resultiert. Oxidationsmittel wie Fe+++ und Chinon beschleunigen die Bleiauflösung, wobei sie stöchiometrisch verbraucht werden. Reduktionsmittel wie Fe++, V+++ oder Hydrochinon können nicht als Mediator für die Luftkorrosion wirken. Nitrationen sind im untersuchten Konzentrationsbereich fast inert. Konsequenzen bezüglich des Bleilösungsakkumulators werden diskutiert. Die Selbstentladung in Abwesenheit von O2 ist sehr gering. Andererseits ist es möglich, durch Sauerstoffkorrosion einseitig akkumuliertes Blei wieder in Lösung zu bringen. Auf diese Weise kann die Batterie wieder in den Ausgangszustand zurückgeführt werden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 37-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Optic nerve ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus (rat) ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The identification of optic synapses in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (Güldner, 1978) has made it possible to study them morphometrically. The measurements followed the check-list introduced by Palay and Chan-Palay (1976). There are several items which could usefully be added to this list. The structure of essential synaptic components varies considerably in what is apparently one synaptic population based on morphological criteria. The possible reasons for the variable sizes of the optic boutons containing different amounts of clear and dense core vesicles are discussed in terms of different activities or metabolic states of the individual boutons and/or different metabolic states of neuronal and glial elements in their vicinity. The active zones of optic synapses are also extremely variable. One optic bouton can form several active zones of very different sizes, or form Gray-type-I (“asymmetric”), Gray-type-II (“symmetric”) and intermediate contacts at the same time. The function and/or functional efficiency of a single optic bouton therefore could then be quite different with respect to its various postsynaptic elements. The different appearance of the active zones is discussed mainly in terms of possible regulative influences from neighboring synapses via the postsynaptic neuron.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 17-35 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Optic nerve ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synapses of optic nerve afferents (optic synapses) in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) have been identified ultrastructurally. They are easily distinguished from other types of synapses. The optic boutons are characterized by the presence of large mitochondria with a swollen electron lucent matrix and an interconnected tubular system formed by their inner membrane. Other, more variable features include: 1) a scattered pattern of synaptic vesicles which are found throughout the entire presynaptic element with relatively little accumulation near the active zones; 2) the occurrence of dense core vesicles and glycogen granules; 3) the active zones, the majority of which is Gray-type I, but a minority can obviously be classified as Gray's type II; 4) the innervation of smaller peripheral dendrites and dendritic spines. Boutons of this kind are exclusively filled with anterogradely transported horseradish peroxidase injected into both eyes. Very few neuronal elements containing the typical mitochondria have been observed in the SCN on the 6th day post partum, increasingly more on the 9th and 12th day, but considerably higher numbers after opening of the eyes on the 17th and the following days. The location of normal and degenerating optic boutons was examined light- and electron microscopically. In the rostral third of the SCN there are relatively few optic synapses which are found close to the optic chiasma. In the middle portion of the SCN optic synapses increase in number; they are found not only in the ventral part of the nucleus but also in lateral regions. This becomes particularly obvious in the caudal third of the SCN.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 19 (1947), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der laminaren Strömung unter großen Reibungsleistungen treten drei die Strömung wesentlich verändernde Einflüsse auf, die im Bereich geringer Reibungsleistungen und Drücke keine Rolle spielen: die Erwärmung und das Temperaturfeld im strömenden Stoff infolge der Reibung; die Veränderung der Zähigkeit mit dem Druck; eine noch unbestimmte, aber mögliche Veränderung der Zähigkeit mit der Schergeschwindigkeit. Alle drei Einflüsse werden experimentell und rechnerisch an drei Ölen untersucht; die grundsätzliche Aufklärung dieser Zusammenhänge ist für die hydrodynamische Lagerreibung, für die Viskosimetrie und für die Strömung in Rohren und Hochdruckleitungen von Bedeutung. Zur Untersuchung dieser Fragen wurde eine neue Versuchseinrichtung entwickelt, mit der sowohl sämtliche viskosimetrischen und Strömungsdaten als auch die Temperatur des Öles vor und hinter der Kapillare genau gemessen werden können.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 19 (1947), S. 156-156 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 59 (1947), S. 212-215 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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