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  • 1
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    Clear Air Turbulence: Detection by Infrared Observations of Water Vapor (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: "Forward-looking" infrared measurements of water vapor from the C-141A Kuiper Airborne Observatory of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center show large, distinctly identifiable, signal anomalies from 4 to 10 minutes in advance of subsequent encounters with clear air turbulence (CAT). These anomalies are characteristically different from the signals not followed by CAT encounters. Results of airborne field trials in which the infrared radiometer was used indicate that, out of 51 situations, 80 percent were CAT alerts followed by CAT encounters, 12 percent were "false alarms " (CAT alerts not followed by CAT encounters), and 8 percent were CAT encounters not preceded by an infrared signal anomaly or CAT alert.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Science; Volume 196; No. 4294; 1099-1100
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Longwave radiation effects of the Harmattan haze (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Infrared in situ radiance observations at 8.0 to 14 microns and 9.5 to 11.5 microns of the West African Harmattan haze during the 1974 Global Atmospheric Research Project Atlantic Tropical Experiment field phase made possible the determination of some of the radiative properties of this tropospheric phenomenon. This in turn permitted development of a simple calculation model for radiative transfer through the haze. Radiometric observations of the dust haze, reaching from 600 m to 6.25 km, were analyzed for haze IR transmission. A transfer model incorporating these transmission properties gave an average calculated IR cooling rate of 0.09 C/h for the entire haze layer as compared to a haze-free cloudless-troposphere cooling rate of 0.06 C/h for the same levels. The haze volume-absorption coefficient was approximately 0.042/km for layers of all depths. This uniformity of the haze transmission was further evident in the direct correlation of its transmission and optical depth.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Aug. 20
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Infrared radiation budget of the Harmattan haze (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Infrared in situ observations of the West African Harmaltan Haze during the 1974 GATE field phase were conducted to determine the radiative properties of the tropospheric phenomenon and to develop a calculation model for radiative transfer through the haze. Radiometric observations of the dust haze were analyzed for haze infrared transmission. Infrared and tropospheric cooling rates are given together with the haze volume absorption rate.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: WMO Prelim. Sci. Results of the GARP Atlantic Trop. Expt., Vol. 2; p 299-323
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Clear air turbulence - Detection by infrared observations of water vapor (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: 'Forward-looking' infrared measurements of water vapor from the C-141A Kuiper Airborne Observatory of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center show large, distinctly identifiable, signal anomalies from 4 to 10 minutes in advance of subsequent encounters with clear air turbulence (CAT). These anomalies are characteristically different from the signals not followed by CAT encounters. Results of airborne field trials in which the infrared radiometer was used indicate that, out of 51 situations, 80 percent were CAT alerts followed by CAT encounters, 12 percent were 'false alarms' (CAT alerts not followed by CAT encounters), and 8 percent were CAT encounters not preceded by an infrared signal anomaly or CAT alert.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Science; 196; June 3
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Stratospheric areal distribution of water vapor burden and the jet stream (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Radiometrically inferred areal observations of the atmospheric water vapor burden have been made in the 270 to 520 per cm spectral band over western U.S. and the extreme eastern Pacific from the NASA C-141 Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Before this, very few observations from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over such a broad area have been made. A total of 30,600 individual observations from eight separate synoptic situations involving eight jet maxima were computer-averaged over 2-deg latitude x 2-deg longitude boxes and related to the polar continental jet. Mean water vapor burdens ranged from 0.00046 to 0.00143 g per sq cm at 13.4 km with a striking peak just north of the jet wind maximum over a region of strong upward vertical motion.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 3; Sept
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Solar radiation incident on Mars and the outer planets - Latitudinal, seasonal, and atmospheric effects (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Calculations of the daily solar radiation incident at the tops of the atmospheres of Mars and the outer planets and its variability with latitude and season are presented in a series of figures and tables. The changes in the latitudinal and seasonal distributions of daily surface insolation during the great Martian dust storm of 1971 (when Martian atmospheric optical depth increased from about tau = 0.1 to 2.0) were significant and dramatically illustrate the effect of atmospheric aerosols on surface insolation; i.e., the mean annual daily insolation at the poles decreased by more than a factor of 100 as tau increased from 0.1 to 2.0.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 31; May 1977
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    U-2 water vapor burden observations through the tropopause (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A U-2 aircraft provided a platform for an infrared radiometer inferring water vapor burdens associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Flight altitudes were 16 to 23 km. The radiometer system, coupled with an algorithm to produce an inverse solution of the radiative transfer equation, resulted in an rms error of 20 percent in the inferred water vapor burden. A unique, bivariate solution including radiance and vertical temperature profiles produced an essentially real-time solution for the water vapor burden. Results of the July 1977 missions over the Canal Zone region between latitudes 7.5 degrees N and 11.0 degrees N are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center The 1977 Intertrop. Convergence Zone Expt.; p 145-152
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Recent progress on new facilities at the NASA Langley Research Center (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: A new fan-driven high Reynolds number transonic cryogenic tunnel the National Transonic Facility is being planned for the United States. This tunnel will provide an order of magnitude increase in Reynolds number capability over existing tunnels. Theoretical studies and experience with the Langley 1/3 Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel indicate that the cryogenic concept allows the attainment of full-scale Reynolds number at reasonable levels of dynamic pressure. The unique modes of operation which are available only in a cryogenic tunnel make possible the separation of Mach number, Reynolds number possible the separation of Mach number, Reynolds number, and aeroelastic effects. By reducing the drive power requirements to a level where a conventional fan drive system may be used, the cryogenic concept makes possible a tunnel with high productivity and run times sufficiently long to allow for all types of tests at reduced capital costs and, reduced total energy consumption.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AGARD Flight(Ground Testing Fac. Correlation; 16 p
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Wind-tunnel investigation of the effects of steady rolling on the aerodynamic loading characteristics of a 45 degree sweptback wing at high subsonic speeds (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-RM-L53J01a
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    A study of the aerodynamic loads on sweptback wings at transonic speeds (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Type: NACA-RM-L53E08b
    Format: application/pdf
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