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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (212)
  • 1975-1979  (154)
  • 1955-1959  (58)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation and inactivation of genes determining hemoglobin types (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 85 (1975), S. 477-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Globin gene switching in sheep and goats has been used as a model system for examining gene expression in differentiating red blood cells. Sheep and goats switch from the synthesis of hemoglobin A to hemoglobin C in response to erythropoietin. The regulatory mechanism producing this switch in hemoglobin types could occur at the cellular, nuclear, or cytoplasmic level. Evidence is presented which suggests that regulation is occurring, in fact, at the nuclear level. Sheep and goat erythroid colonies have been grown in plasma clot culture in order to study the synthesis of individual globin chains. Erythropoietin is required for colony formation. The switch from hemoglobin A to hemoglobin C synthesis requires not only colony formation but also a higher concentration of erythropoietin than is required just for the production of colonies. A cell-free transcriptional system using bone marrow chromatin and mammalian DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been developed in order to examine the nuclear control mechanisms in more detail.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040850413
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the carotid arch in Sphaerodactylus argus gosse, with some remarks on “inselbildungen” in the aortic archesThe results of this investigation were communicated to the Zoology Section of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, at its 32nd meeting in Dunedin, January 1957. (1957)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 101 (1957), S. 399-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051010302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional morphology of the feeding system in the ruff  -  Gymnocephalus cernua (L. 1758)  -  (Teleostei, Percidae) (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976), S. 399-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ruff, Gymnocephalus cernua, is a European freshwater fish that feeds by sucking up small invertebrates from the bottom of ponds and slow flowing rivers. The feeding movements have been studied by simultaneous electromyography of seventeen muscles of the head and cinematographic techniques.A theoretical model of movements imposes the functional demands of suction upon an abstraction of the form of a teleost head. Three phases in the feeding act, a preparatory phase, a suction phase and a transport phase, could be correlated with the observed movements and EMGs. Differences between the predicted and the actual movement are discussed. Two different types of feeding occur. The direction, magnitude and duration of the suction forces during feeding are modified, according to the position of the prey. A mechanism preventing early mandibular depression allows sudden and strong suction. Retardation of the suspensorial abduction during the overall expansion of the buccal cavity is ascribed to kinetic interrelations with the hyoid arch. Protrusion of the upper jaws also permits an earlier closure of the mouth and directs the food-containing waterflow posteriorly. When the fish is feeding on sinking prey, protrusion occurs later in the sequence of movements than when it is feeding from the bottom. As the protruded jaws produce a downwardly pointed mouth this retardation aims the suction force.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the induction and deinduction of tyrosine aminotransferase in enucleated HTC cellsThis work supported by grant number of GM 17239 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 85 (1975), S. 357-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Anucleate HTC cells have been used to determine the importance of the nucleus in the regulation of the intracellular levels of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells. In the absence of the nucleus, neither the induction of the enzyme by dexamethasone nor its deinduction upon removal of the hormone occurs. Degradation of the enzyme takes place when protein synthesis is inhibited in anucleates by cycloheximide. Therefore, the maintenance of induced levels of enzyme activity after dexamethasone withdrawal from pre-induced anucleates suggests that the nucleus is required for the inactivation of the TAT mRNA.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040850404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroids and hematopoiesis I. The effect of steroids on in vitro erythroid colony growth: Structure/activity relationshipsSupported in part by NIH Grant HL-06242 and Hematology Training Grant TR-197 and designated research funds of the Veterans Administration. Dr. Adamson is the recipient of Research Career Development Award AM-70222 of the NIH. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 88 (1976), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When substituted steroids of several classes are added to cultures of rat bone marrow cells in the presence of erythropoietin a consistent enhancement of the number of colonies of hemoglobin synthesizing cells is obtained. Maximum steroid effectiveness was found to be between 10-6 and 10-7 M. Representative compounds of several classes of steroids were examined for their ability to enhance colony growth, including δ 4-estrenes, δ 4-androstenes, 5α-H androstanes and estranes, 5β-H estranes, pregnanes and androstanes. While testosterone and its 5α-H derivatives had little or no activity, many synthetic derivatives of testosterone were highly active in increasing erythroid colony growth. All 5β-H androstanes, estranes, and all but one 5β-H pregnane were active. Cortisol consistently inhibited colony growth and estradiol and progesterone had no significant effect.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040880202
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroids and hematopoiesis II. The effect of steroids on in vitro erythroid colony growth: Evidence for different target cells for different classes of steroidsSupported in part by NIH Grant HL-06242 and Hematology Training Grant TR-197 and designated research funds of the Veterans Administration. Dr. Adamson is the recipient of Research Career Development Award AM-70222 of the NIH. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 88 (1976), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Androgenic steroids and their non-androgenic 5p-H metabolites enhance the number of colonies of hemoglobin synthesizing cells grown from rat bone marrow in response to a standard (0.25 unitlml) concentration of erythropoietin. The target cells for two steroids were found to be different. Cells influenced by the androgen, fluoxymesterone (fluoxy), resembled cells responding to erythropoietin in their cycle characteristics, as measured by tritiated thymidine suicide, and in their physical characteristics, as determined by velocity sedimentation gradient separation. Cells responding to etiocholanolone (etio) had a much lower tritiated thymidine suicide rate and different sedimentation velocities. Reincubation of marrow cells with etio for two hours was sufficient to enhance erythroid colony growth by 84%, whereas a similar incubation with fluoxy produced no increment. These studies demonstrate that different classes of steroids may influence in vitro erythropoiesis by acting on distinct populations of marrow cells. Fluoxymesterone appears to act through cells already committed to respond to erythropoietin, while etiocholanolone appears to act on a separate, perhaps more primitive population of marrow cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040880203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the incorporation of thymidine into DNA of normal and cystic fibrosis fibroblasts in vitroGrant support DHEW 5P01 AM 17040(02) (Program Projects B and F). (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 88 (1976), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Although similar fractions of cells were in the S phase of the cell cycle, normal human skin fibroblasts were shown to incorporate more than twice the 3HTdR into their DNA in vitro than did cells obtained from individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Obligate heterozygotes incorporated an intermediate amount of the DNA precursor. Studies were initiated to determine the basis of the differential incorporation of 3HTdR among the genotypes. An analog of thymidine, BUdR, produced varied effects on the growth kinetics of the three genotypes. The growth of cells in BUdR resulted in a 50% increase in the population doubling times of all three genotypes, and caused the cell morphology to change from a spindle shape to one in which the cells became broadened and flat, with numerous cytoplasmic projections extending for distances of several cell diameters. The activities of thymidine kinase and the participation of the exogenous and de novo pathways in the synthesis of TMP were found to be approximately the same in all three genotypes. The data suggest that an alteration in the transport of thymidine into the cells may account for the differences in TdR incorporation into DNA, and this may be associated with other changes in cystic fibrosis that are apparently membrane associated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040880105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of colony stimulating activity from large batches of human urine and production of antisera against itThis work has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In vitro induction of myelopoetic colonies from mouse bone marrow has been used for measurement of leucopoetic colony stimulating activity (CSA) isolated from large batches of human urine. After high flow dialysis in artificial kidneys and immediate adsorption to DEAE-Cellulose, followed by purification on Con A-Sepharose, treatment with insoluble Papain and gelfiltration on Sephadex G 100, enrichment of CSA was about 6,000-fold. An important step of the enrichment procedure was the separation from a CSA-inhibiting protein, probably combining with CSA.Specific activity was further increased by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to 5.3 × 106 units per mg protein. The total enrichment exceeded 25,000-fold.The final purification product consisted of a group of closely related proteins with high specific activity.Antisera raised with one of the electrophoretic fractions suppressed bioactivity in each of the different purification steps including the final CSA fractions differing in electrophoretic mobility. The antisera furthermore inhibited CSA in human lung and monocyte conditioned media but had only very little effect on partially purified CSA from stimulated human lymphocytes as well as CSA derived from mouse lung conditioned medium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defective transient endogenous spleen colony formation in S1/S1d mice (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 99 (1979), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: WCB6F1 mice of the genotype S1/S1d did not form transient 5-day endogenous spleen colonies following midlethal irradiation, either spontaneously or in response to postirradiation bleeding. Their hematologically normal (+/+) littermates produced colonies equivalent in number and morphologic type to a normal strain (D2B6F1), as evaluated by both macroscopic and microscopic criteria. Bone marrow cells from S1/S1d mice, when transplanted into lethally irradiated +/+ mice, were able to generate equivalent numbers of transient endogenous spleen colonies (TE-CFUs), as compared to that obtained when syngeneic +/+ marrow cells were injected into lethally irradiated +/+ recipients. A defective growth of an early class of hematopoietic progenitor cells, resulting in the clinical course of the S1/S1d anemia is suggested and confirms previous reports on the microenvironmental nature of this abnormality.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040990105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase forms by serum and insulin in cultured fibroblasts (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 100 (1979), S. 497-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A rapid reduction of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity occurs after the replating of confluent cultures of BHK 21 c/13 fibroblasts into fresh medium. This reduction in activity depends on the density to which the cultures are reseeded and the concentration of serum in the medium. Enzyme activity in BHK cells is restored after 24 to 48 hours if cells are diluted into medium containing 10% fetal calf serum or 0.5% fetal calf serum supplemented with insulin (10-6 M), but not into 0.5% serum alone. The restoration in enzyme activity is blocked by cycloheximide or Actinomycin D.When BHK cells become quiescent by maintenance in 0.5% serum conditions for 48 hours, a rapid (15-60 minutes) increase in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity occurs when 10% serum is added to the cultures. Enzyme activity is increased even further after 24 to 48 hours in the 10% serum. Cycloheximide or Actinomycin D do not affect the rapid increase in enzyme activity in response to serum, but completely inhibit the long term increase. In contrast to serum, insulin (10-8 to 10-6 M) has no short term effect, but does increase enzyme activity after 24 to 48 hours to levels comparable to those seen with addition of 10% serum. As is the case with serum, this long term effect of insulin on enzyme activity is prevented by inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis.Kinetic analyses of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in homogenates of quiescent BHK cells indicate the presence of only high Km (≃ 20 μM) enzyme activity. Addition of serum or insulin to quiescent cells results in the appearance of apparent low Km enzyme activity in homogenates. Sucrose gradient analysis of BHK cells displays two forms of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase enzyme activity: a 3-4 S form and 5-6 S form. In quiescent cells, the 5-6 form greatly predominates relative to the 3-4 form. Addition of serum to quiescent cells results in a rapid appearance of increased 3-4 S form enzyme activity. Insulin also increases the activity of this higher affinity 3-4 S enzyme form after 24 to 48 hours in culture. The functional significance of short and long term regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(s) in cells is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041000312
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