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  • Organic Chemistry  (37)
  • ATP analogue  (2)
  • Electron microscopy  (2)
  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • 1960-1964  (32)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 45 (1962), S. 2325-2342 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden die Kriterien präzisiert, mit deren Hilfe die quantitative Umwandlung von freier chemischer Energie in mechanische Energie durch kontraktile Systeme theoretisch und insbesondere auch experimentell sichergestellt werden kann. Es wird zu diesem Zwecke ein (teinochemisches) System betrachtet, welches aus einer kontraktilen Lamelle und einer Einbettungsflüssigkeit besteht. Der Möglichkeit, durch Zusatz chemischer Reagentien zur Einbettungsflüssigkeit eine reversible Kontraktion und Dilatation der Lamelle zu bewirken, steht immer die komplementäre Erscheinung zur Seite, dass bei mechanischer Dehnung der Lamelle eine Veränderung chemischer Gleichgewichte und damit verbunden eine Erhöhung der Aktivität der die Kontraktion bewirkenden bzw. eine Erniedrigung der Aktivität der die Dilatation bewirkenden Reagentien in der Einbettungsflüssigkeit eintritt. Eine quantitative Koppelung der beiden Phänomene (Längenänderung bei Zusatz chemischer Reagentien und Änderung der Aktivität in der Einbettungsflüssigkeit bei mechanischer Dehnung der Lamellen) ist Voraussetzung und Kriterium für eine quantitative Umwandlung von freier chemischer in mechanische Energie. Die diese Zusammenhänge beschreibenden quantitativen Beziehungen werden formuliert und begründet, und zwar auch in dem praktisch interessierenden Fall, dass im System nebeneinander verschiedene teinochemisch aktive Substanzen vorkommen. Für jede teinochemisch aktive Substanz besteht eine (partiell) für die hervorgehobene Substanz gültige Beziehung, eine Beziehung, welche ihrerseits von den zu präzisierenden Versuchsbedingungen abhängt. Von Interesse ist eine Beziehung (Total-System-Gleichung), durch welche verbunden werden: 1. die Menge an hervorgehobener teinochemisch aktiver Substanz, welche dem aus Gelfaden und Einbettungsflüssigkeit gebildeten Gesamtsystem zuzusetzen ist, um an dem nicht oder mit einer konstanten Kraft k1 belasteten Gelfaden eine Längenänderung von der Grösse 1 zu erzielen; 2. die Änderung der Kraft, welche notwendig ist, um an dem in der Einbettungsflüssigkeit befindlichen Faden die Längenänderung 1 herbeizuführen; und 3. die Änderung des Logarithmus der Aktivität der hervorgehobenen Substanz, welche (durch Messung in der Einbettungsflüssigkeit) festzustellen ist, wenn der Faden unter Konstanthaltung aller im Gesamtsystem vorhandenen Molzahlen mechanisch um eine Längeneinheit gedehnt wird.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zwecks Klarstellung der Vorgänge, welch sich bei der Erzeugung von mechanischer aus chemischer Energie durch Kontraktion von aus Polyvinylalkohol und Polyacrylsäure bestehenden homogenen Lamellen abspielen, werden, ausser der Herstellung, eine Reihe von Eigenschaften dieser Folien beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden bei teinochemisch aktiven Systemen allgemeine und quantitative Beziehungen begründet zwischen den für die chemische Erzeugung von Längenänderungen erforderlichen Stoffmengen, dem Elastizitätsmodul und der Verschiebung chemischer Gleichgewichte, welche beim mechanischen Dehnen solcher Systeme auftritt. Die allgemeinen Beziehungen werden auf den Fall der homogenen, Polyvinylalkohol und Polyacrylsäure enthaltenden Gele (homogener pH-Muskel) spezialisiert und angewendet.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 4 (1978), S. 159-168 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Muscle rigor ; Cross bridge slippage ; ATP analogue ; Insect fibrillar muscle ; Muscle stiffness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Glycerol-extracted insect fibrillar muscle fibres in rigor exhibited both an elastic and a plastic phase in the length-tension diagram. The transition between these phases took place at a critical tension, the “yield point” or elastic limit. In the plastic phase the apparent static elastic modulus became zero, whereas the immediate elastic modulus (measured by rapid length changes completed within 4 ms) exhibited no abrupt change at the yield point. The tension value of the yield point (but not immediate stiffness) was lowered by addition of AMP-PNP and was partially restored by washing out AMP-PNP. The dependence of the critical tension at which plastic flow begins on cooperative cross bridge behaviour is discussed in terms of breaking and reforming acto-myosin linkages. Evidence is presented that addition of AMP-PNP induces slippage of cross bridges on the actin filament by affecting the interaction between myosin and actin.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 4 (1978), S. 209-222 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: ATP analogue ; Insect fibrillar muscle ; Stiffness per cross bridge ; Quick release-recovery ; Mechano-chemistry of muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The recovery in tension after release of a fibrillar muscle preparation as well as the fall in tension after restretch was found to be greater in presence of AMP-PNP than in its absence (rigor). The effect of AMP-PNP was concentration-dependent with an optimum at 0.1 mM corresponding to the dissociation constant of AMP-PNP from the myosin heads. This evidence supports the validity of the teinochemical principle which predicts a stretch-dependent AMP-PNP binding. The stiffness calculated per cross bridge was similar to that found by Huxley and Simmons (1971). It was further calculated that only 15% of the cross bridges are in a force-maintaining state in rigor.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Gliding bacterium ; Simonsiella ; Oral cavity ; Electron microscopy ; Morphology ; Dorsal-ventral differentiation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and ultrastructure of the aerobic, Gram-negative multicellular-filamentous bacteria of the genus Simonsiella were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flat, ribbon-shaped, multicellular filaments show dorsal-ventral differentiation with respect to their orientations to solid substrata. The dorsal surface, orientated away from the substrate, is convex and possesses an unstructured capsule. The ventral surface, on which the organisms adhere and glide, is concave and has an extracellular layer with fibrils extending at right angles from the cell wall. The cytoplasm in the ventral region contains a proliferation of intracytoplasmic membranes and few ribosomes in comparison to the cytoplasm in other parts of the cell. Centripetal cell wall formation is asymmetrical and commences preferentially in the ventral region. Quantitative differences in morphology and cytology exist among selected Simonsiella strains. Functional aspects of this dorsalventral differentiation are discussed with respect to the colonization and adherence of Simonsiella to mucosal squamous epithelial cells in its ecological habitat, the oral cavities of warm-blooded vertebrates.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Acetobacter suboxydans ; Bacteriophage A-1 ; Restriction ; Modification ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A bacteriophage ofAcetobacter suboxydans was isolated and found to correspond to type A phage according to Bradley's classification. The phage contains double stranded DNA. The length of the latency period and burst size could not be precisely determined because of apparent non-synchronous release of phage from single infective cycles. The host range was determined using 24 strains ofAcetobacter andGluconobacter species. Evidence for a probable occurence of host determined restriction and modification was obtained withAcetobacter suboxydans strain ATCC 621. The phage is designated A-1 and it is the first one to be reported forAcetobacter.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclopeptide antibiotics from Aspergillus species. Structure of echinocandins C and DThe echinocandins B, C and D are antifungal antibiotics produced by a strain of Aspergillus rugulosus. All three metabolites are closely related representing cyclic oligopeptides composed of six amino acids and a linolic acid residue in an amide linkage. The complete structure of echinocandin B (1) has recently been established by X-ray analysis. Structural assignments to the new minor metabolites C and D have now been made by hydrolytic and oxidative cleavage reactions, formation of N-acyl-α-aminoethers as well as by chemical correlations and extensive NMR. examinations. Echinocandin C (2), C52H81N7O15, contains 3-hydroxyhomotyrosine in the place of 3, 4-dihydroxyhomotyrosine present in 1. Echinocandin D (3), C52H81N7O13, differs in two amino acids: 3, 4-dihyroxyhomotyrosine and 4, 5-dihydroxyornithine, unusual units of 1 being replaced by 3-hydroxyhomotyrosine and ornithine.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An arrangement for light induced vectorial charge separation is discussed in which the electron of the excited dye is transferred to an acceptor and the dye is recovered by electron tunneling through a high and narrow potential barrier. The possible relevance of the model in connection with photosynthesis is considered. Monolayers of Ru(II)-bipyridine complexes with long chain hydrocarbon substituents were investigated which may be useful as component in such arrangements.The surface pressure area isotherms of the monolayers were measured for various ionic compositions of the subphase, and the results demonstrate a strong effect of these ions on the structure of the layers. The layers were deposited on different substrates. The luminescence and its change by contacting the sample with water and by subsequent drying were found to be strongly dependent on the architecture of the layer assembly. Attempts of a photochemical cleavage of water with these assemblies failed.The pH-dependence of the absorption and the luminescence of a Ru(II) bipyridine-dicarboxylic acid complex in solution is interpreted by assuming that the electron in the excited state is localized in one pyridine part of the substituted ligand, the conjugation with the second half of the bipyridine carboxylic acid being negligible. Monolayer assemblies for measuring the energy transfer from the ruthenium complex to an adequate energy acceptor and from an adequate energy donor to the ruthenium complex were investigated. The results demonstrate that the deactivation of the excited ruthenium complex occurs mainly by passing the luminescent state.Assemblies were investigated for measuring the electron transfer from the excited ruthenium complex to an appropriate electron acceptor positioned in the carboxylate portion at the same interface as the electron donor. With bipyridinium ions as acceptor the ruthenium complex luminescence is quenched at average distances between acceptor molecules of about 10 Å, while this distance is 30, 60 und 75 Å for different cyanine dyes used instead of the ruthenium complex. A correlation between this distance and the ionization energy in the excited state of the donor is observed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1247-1255 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Structure of Cyclosporin CThe structure of cyclosporin C (2), a minor antifungal metabolite from Trichoderma polysporum (Link ex Pers.) RIFAI has been elucidated. Hydrolytic cleavage and spectroscopic evidence show that cyclosporin C is a neutral oligopeptide of 11 amino acids linked together in a 33-membered ring. Cyclosporin C (2) differs from the main metabolite cyclosporin A (1) [2] [4] only by containing L-threonine in the place of L-α-aminobutyric acid as has been shown by the conversion of 2 into 1. 13C-NMR. spectra and study of molecular models suggest that cyclosporin C (2) has the same molecular conformation as 1, which is best described as a twisted β-pleated sheet held together in a conformationally stable form by intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
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