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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (821)
  • 1975-1979  (820)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
  • 1
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    Blocky craters - Implications about the lunar megaregolith (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Radar, IR, and photogeologic properties of some 1310 lunar craters that have been catalogued as radar or IR anomalies, or both, are studied to determine whether a systematic difference in blocky craters exists between the lunar maria and terrae and whether this difference might be caused by a deep magaregolith of pulverized material forming the terra surface. Examination of Apollo orbital photography confirms that the radar and IR anomalies are correlated with blocky rubble around the craters, and analysis of the radar and IR data indicates systematic terra-mare differences. The data are interpreted by postulating that the maria are rock layers where craters eject boulder fields, that the terrae are covered by a relatively pulverized megaregolith at least 2 km deep, and that the terra craters eject less rocky rubble. It is concluded that blocky rubble, in the form of either actual rocks or partly consolidated blocks, contributes to the radar and IR signatures of the craters.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Moon and the Planets; Nov
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Thermal study of the unilluminated surface of the waning moon (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A program of lunar infrared radiometry which uses large-area scanning is described. Procedures for atmospheric-attenuation correction and data reduction to temperature by relative radiometry are outlined. The scan data of the waning moon taken during ten evenings in the 10- to 12-micron window are presented as isothermal contour maps of the lunar disk. More than 160 areas of anomalous thermal emission have been found in the lunar dark-side data. These are tabulated and are also shown on an accompanying map. An error analysis, derived from accuracy estimates of the independent parameters, is included.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 3
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    Far-ultraviolet prospecting of the entire lunar regolith (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Abstracts of Papers Presented at a Special Session of the Seventh Annual Lunar Science Conference on Utilization of Lunar Materials and Expertise for Large Scale Operations in Space; p 152-154
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  • 4
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    Ionosphere and atmosphere of the moon in the geomagnetic tail (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper presents calculations of the densities and energies of the various constituents of the lunar ionosphere during the time that the moon is in the geomagnetic tail; the surface concentrations of neon and argon are calculated from a theoretical model to be 3,900 and 1,700, respectively. It is found that a hydrostatic model of the ionospheric plasma is inadequate because the gravitational potential energy of the plasma is considerably smaller than its thermal energy. A hydrodynamic model, comparable to that used to describe the solar wind, is developed to obtain plasma densities and flow velocities as functions of altitude. The electromagnetic properties of the quiescent ionosphere are then investigated, and it is concluded that plasma effects on lunar induction can be neglected for quiescent conditions in the geomagnetic tail lobes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Nov. 10
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Origin of magnetization in lunar breccias - An example of thermal overprinting (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Twenty six samples from seven hand specimens, collected from the station 6 boulder at the Apollo 17 landing site, were studied magnetically. The boulder is a breccia consisting of three lithologic units distinguished by their clast population. The direction of magnetization of samples from unit B which is almost devoid of large clasts cluster fairly well after alternating field demagnetization. Samples from unit C which is characterized by abundant large clasts up to 1 m in size do not contain a uniform direction of magnetization but the distribution is not random. Based on these data we propose that the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in these breccias is the vector sum of two magnetizations, a pre-impact magnetization and a partial thermoremanence acquired during breccia formation. The relative contribution of the two components is controlled by the thermal history of the ejecta, which in turn is determined by its clast population. Depending on the clast population, the NRM can be a total thermoremanence, a partial thermoremanence plus a pre-impact magnetization, or a pre-impact magnetization. This model of thermal overprinting might be applicable to all lunar breccias of medium and higher metamorphic grade.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 38; 2, Fe; Feb. 15
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  • 6
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    Evidence for two major changes in the Venus aerosol distribution - 1972-1975 (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: High-spatial-and-spectral-resolution observations of Venus CO2 line profiles taken over a three-year interval are analyzed using inhomogeneous atmospheric models with anisotropic scattering. The data exhibit two sudden significant changes in the structure of the atmosphere, one occurring near April 1973, and the other near November 1974. Two models are developed to describe the vertical cloud structure of the atmosphere of Venus in the more quiescent periods after these changes. For each model, the CO2 specific abundance must decrease with increasing atmospheric pressure; i.e., the clouds are thinnest high in the atmosphere and become denser with depth. No evidence is found that the cloud particles must change their scattering phase function with altitude.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 58; 3, Ju; June 197
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  • 7
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    Composition and structure of the Martian atmosphere - Preliminary results from Viking 1 (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results from the aeroshell-mounted neutral mass spectrometer on Viking 1 indicate that the upper atmosphere of Mars is composed mainly of CO2 with trace quantities of N2, Ar, O, O2, and CO. The mixing ratios by volume relative to CO2 for N2, Ar, and O2 are about 0.06, 0.015, and 0.003, respectively, at an altitude near 135 kilometers. Molecular oxygen is a major component of the ionosphere according to results from the retarding potential analyzer. The atmosphere between 140 and 200 kilometers has an average temperature of about 180 plus or minus 20 deg K. Atmospheric pressure at the landing site for Viking 1 was 7.3 millibars at an air temperature of 241 deg K. The descent data are consistent with the view that CO2 should be the major constituent of the lower Martian atmosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 193; Aug. 27
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  • 8
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    Azimuthal brightness variations of Saturn's rings. II - Observations at an intermediate tilt angle (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The brightness variation in Saturn's ring A with orbital phase of the ring particles increases in amplitude as the declination of earth decreases from 26 to 16 deg. The amplitude of this azimuthal effect also appears to diminish at opposition. There is an indication that the effect decreases with decreasing wavelength, and hence with decreasing particle albedo.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 216
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  • 9
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    Azimuthal brightness variations of Saturn's rings (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It is now well established that near maximum inclination and in the visual band Saturn's A ring exhibits brightness variations with orbital phase of the ring particles. Constraints on possible models to explain this behavior are provided by the variation in amplitude of this effect with changing declination of the earth with respect to the ring plane, by the variation of the effect with solar phase angle, and by its dependence on wavelength. In particular, the amplitude of the azimuthal effect increases as earth's declination with respect to the ring plane decreases from 26 to 16 deg. The effect diminishes at opposition and decreases with decreasing wavelength (and hence with decreasing particle albedo).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: In: Symposium on Planetary Atmospheres; Aug 16, 1977 - Aug 19, 1977; Ottawa; Canada
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  • 10
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    International Planetary Patrol observations of Saturn's rings. I - Observations and data reduction (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper describes the reduction procedure used for observations of Saturn's rings taken with the International Planetary Patrol Network in 1977. Corrections for atmospheric smearing are determined using an assumed ring model and performed by a two-dimensional Wiener filter developed at JPL's Image Processing Laboratory. These smearing corrections are shown to be consistent with the radial profile of the rings, not just on the major axis of the ring system, but over a range of azimuthal angle.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 84; Sept
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