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  • Articles  (9)
  • Springer  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2)
  • 1975-1979  (8)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
  • 1905-1909
  • Medicine  (8)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 475-482 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Annulate lamellae ; Spermatocytes ; Grasshoppers ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intranuclear and cytoplasmic annulate lamellae were studied in grasshopper spermatocytes (Melanoplus) with the electron microscope. Although cytoplasmic annulate lamellae were observed in all three species examined, intranuclear annulate lamellae were found in only one species. The intranuclear annulate lamellae encompass certain nuclear material adjacent to the nuclear envelope forming a vesicle that is extruded into the spermatocyte cytoplasm. In this same species, cytoplasmic annulate lamellae are seen contiguous with granular masses of varying size. These structures were noted as being morphologically indistinguishable from the “yolk nuclei” of dragonfly oocytes (Kessel and Beams, 1969; Kessel, 1973).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 15 (1968), S. 350-371 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La technique d'une part et l'abondance des aliments d'autre part ont causé des modifications dans l'alimentation par les céréales, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la quantité que la qualité. Le développement de la fabrication moderne du pain présente les caractéristiques suivants: préférence du froment, des farines très blanches, des procédés accélérés de fermentation et de cuisson dans la fabrication. En conséquence, on obtient des pains plus riches en calories, mais pauvres en subtances nutritives et aromatiques ayant une croûte mince et molle et une mie légère ne nécessitant pas d'efforts de mastication. En vitaminisant et en révalorisant artificiellement le pain, on ne peut remplacer qu'une partie minime des substances enlevées au blé par la moulure. L'utilisation de plus en plus fréquente de procédés chimiques dans l'agriculture et le stockage des récoltes entraîne l'existence de plus en plus importante de résidus non physiologiques dans le blé. Parmi ces produits et procédés ont été mentionnés: un produit destiné à raccourcir la tige du blé, produit qui influence l'azote des plantes; le pourcentage élevé en plomb découvert dans le blé ayant poussé à proximité des autostrades; le pourcentage plus élevé en „Phenantren“ et „3–4-Benzpyren“, trouvé dans les plantes poussant dans les régions industrielles; la production d'aflatoxine causée par la moisissure des produits emmagasinés; les résidus de produits insecticides connus jusqu'à présent; les modifications néfastes constatées dans le blé traité aux rayons gamma en vue d'une conservation plus facile. Les modifications dues à l'influence de la chaleur de cuisson sont à constater particulièrement dans la croûte du pain; elles frappent avant tout certaines substances sensibles à la chaleur ainsi que des processus de condensation suivantMaillard.
    Abstract: Summary Engineering progress and an abundance of foodstuff are the cause of strong quantitative and qualitative changes observed in our bread. The development of modern bread is marked by a preference given to wheat, by a lower degree of grinding up, by a short time of fermentation and baking, which results in bread of increased caloric content, reduced active agents and content of aroma, in bread with a thin, soft crust and a very porous crumb, thus necessitating a lesser mastication. By means of an artificial enrichment of vitamins, minerals, and separated amino-acids, only a very small part of active agents separated by grinding up can be replaced. Increasing application of chemical processes in agriculture and storage ensued an increased presence of non-physiological residues in corn. Among them are mentioned an agent to shorten the length of stalks that interferes with the nitrogen economy of plants; an increased content of lead in fields near highways; an increased content of phenanthren and 3–4 benzpyren in fields near industrial areas; the possible formation of aflatoxin through getting mouldy during storage; residues of pesticides that have become known up to now; as well as hitherto prove harmful alterations due to ray treatment by gamma rays to corn to achieve a better preservation. Changes brought about by the heat during the baking process are particularly clearly shown in the crust of bread which essentially have regard to damaging heat-sensitive contents and proceedings of condensation according toMaillard.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Technisierung und Überfluß an Nahrungsmitteln sind Ursache von starken quantitativen und qualitativen Veränderungen der Brotnahrung. Die Entwicklung des modernen Brotes ist durch Bevorzugung des Weizens, niedriger Ausmahlung, kurzer Gär- und Backzeiten gekennzeichnet, was zu Broten von erhöhtem Kaloriengehalt, vermindertem Wirkstoff- und Aromagehalt, von Broten mit dünner, weicher Kruste und sehr poröser Krume führt, die geringere Kauarbeit erfordern. Durch künstliche Anreicherung mit Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und Aminosäuren kann nur ein kleiner Teil der bei der Vermahlung abgetrennten Wirkstoffe ersetzt werden. Steigende Anwendung chemischer Verfahren in der Land- und Lagerwirtschaft hat die vermehrte Anwesenheit unphysiologischer Rückstände im Getreide zur Folge. Unter ihnen werden erwähnt ein Halmverkürzungsmittel, das in den Stickstoffhaushalt der Pflanzen eingreift, der in der Nähe von Autobahnen erhöhte Bleigehalt, der in industrienahen Gebieten erhöhte Gehalt an Phenanthren und 3–4-Benzpyren, die mögliche Bildung von Aflatoxin durch Verschimmelung während des Lagerns, die bisher bekanntgewordenen Rückstände von Schädlingsbekämpfungsmitteln sowie die bisher nachgewiesenen nachteiligen Veränderungen einer Bestrahlung des Getreides mit Gamma-Strahlen zwecks bequemerer Konservierung. Unter dem Einfluß der Backhitze sich vollziehende Veränderungen kommen besonders deutlich in der Kruste des Brotes zum Ausdruck, die sich im wesentlichen auf eine Schädigung hitzeempfindlicher Inhaltsstoffe und Kondensationsvorgänge nachMaillard beziehen.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 281-301 
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using somatic cell hybridization gene mapping methodology, genes coding for human cell-surface proteins have been assigned to specific chromosomes. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination was employed to label external membrane proteins in cell hybrids between mouse and human cultured cells. Mouse and human external membrane proteins were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis, external membrane proteins were identified by autoradiography. An external membrane protein of 130,000 molecular weight (EMP-130) segregated concordantly with glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases (GOTs, EC 2.6.1.1), an enzyme marker encoded on chromosome 10. External membrane proteins of 195,000 and 175,000 molecular weight (EMP-195 and EMP-175) segregated concordantly with nucleoside phosphorylase (NP, EC 2.4.2.1), an enzyme marker encoded on chromosome 14. Limited proteolysis of the 195,000 and 175,000 molecular weight proteins suggests that these two proteins are modified forms of each other and are encoded by the same locus. These findings demonstrate the mapping of human genes coding for external proteins EMP-130 and EMP-195 to chromosomes 10 and 14, respectively. Chromosome analyses of cell hybrids supported these assignments.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight and concentration on mammalian cell hybridization were studied. The peak hybridization-inducing activity with all grades of PEG from 400–6000 was found to occur in the concentration range of 50–55%. However, changes in concentration were seen to have different quantitative effects with different grades of PEG. For monolayer fusions, PEG 1000 at 50% seems to be the optimal combination of PEG molecular weight and concentration, in terms of both efficiency of hybridization and relative insensitivity to dilution effects.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 11-21 
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A bioautographic assay was developed for the visualization of aminoacylase-1 (N -acylamino acid aminohydrolase, ACY-1; EC 3.5.1.14) after zone electrophoresis. Bioautography and species differences in electrophoretic mobility of ACY-1 made it possible to investigate the chromosome assignment of the gene for human ACY-1 using human—mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human ACY-1 segregated concordantly with β-galactosidase-A (βGAL A;EC 3.2.1.23) but showed discordant segregation with 32 other markers representing 23 linkage groups. The β GALA gene has been previously assigned to chromosome 3. From this evidence and confirming chromosome analyses, ACY-1has been assigned to chromosome 3. A genetic polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobility of ACY was observed in mouse strains, demonstrating that this enzyme can be mapped in genetic crosses of Mus musculus.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The structural gene (βGALA) coding for lysosomal β-galactosidase- A (EC 3.2.1.23) has been assigned to human chromosome 3 using man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human β-galactosidase-A was identified in cell hybrids with a species-specific antiserum to human liver β-galactosidase-A. The antiserum precipitates β-galactosidase-A from human tissues, cultured cells, and cell hybrids, and recognizes cross-reacting material from a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis. We have analyzed 90 primary man-mouse hybrids derived from 12 separate fusion experiments utilizing cells from 9 individuals. Enzyme segregation analysis excluded all chromosomes for βGALA assignment except chromosome 3. Concordant segregation of chromosomes and enzymes in 16 cell hybrids demonstrated assignment of βGALA to chromosome 3; all other chromosomes were excluded. The evidence suggests that GM1 gangliosidosis is a consequence of mutation at this βGALA locus on chromosome 3.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 5 (1979), S. 1013-1029 
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methodology is described to enrich for heterokaryons after mammalian cell fusion. A heterogeneous cell mixture can be separated on a Sta-Put apparatus into fractions of uniform size cells by sedimentation through a 1% bovine serum albumin-5% Ficoll gradient. Unfused RAG and LM/TK− cells, differing by 10% in diameter, have been sorted by size; following fusion, larger and faster sedimenting cells were shown to be hybrids. This methodology can be utilized in genetic complementation studies of human genetic diseases where selection procedures for proliferating hybrids do not exist. When fibroblasts from individuals with Tay-Sachs disease [deficient in hexosaminidase A (HEX A−)] and Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease (HEX A− and HEX B−) are fused, HEX A is generated, demonstrating complementation of two different mutations. After Sta-Put fractionation, the HEX A complementation product was associated with the faster sedimenting multinuclear cells and not with the mononuclear parental cells. This methodology will facilitate detection of genetic differences in fibroblasts from related inherited disorders.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 85 (1975), S. 569-577 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Despite the genetic interruption of the Leloir pathway both galactosemic patients and galactosemic fibroblasts can convert galactose to CO2 and TCA precipitable products, although at less than the normal rate. These observations stimulated investigations into the identity of the alternative metabolic routes which allow for galactose metabolism in the absence of in vitro galactose-1-P-uridyl transferase. Four lines of galactosemic cells, each without detectable gal-transferase, produced 14CO2 from [1-14C]-galactose (0.094 μmoles in 20 cc of medium) at approximately 39% ± 16% the rate of transferase positive cells over a 48-hour period. However, galactokinase deficient fibroblasts produced 14CO2 and TCA precipitable products from [1-14C] -galactose or [U-14C] -galactose at only 3% to 9% the rate of normal fibroblasts. Therefore it seems likely that galtransferase deficient fibroblasts must first synthesize galactose-1-P for further metabolism of galactose.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 101 (1979), S. 493-501 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron probe energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was performed on freeze-dried tissue sections. The dry weight concentration of elements (mmole/kg dry weight) was measured in the cytoplasm of several cell types from adult mice and rats. This comparative investigation showed: (1) That the energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of element concentration from the cytoplasm of a specific cell type allows one to distinguish this specific cell type from other cell types with considerable accuracy. (2) That there is a relationship between the concentration of the various elements and the ultrastructural features of the cytoplasmic regions being analyzed. For example, areas rich in ribosomes are also rich in P, K and Mg. (3) These data support the idea that K is directly involved in the control of protein synthesis. The catalog of element concentrations in the cytoplasm of 13 cell types from both mice and rats should be of value to others who seek to answer various questions about these cell types.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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