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  • Ultrastructure  (3)
  • (Z)-11-hentriacontene  (2)
  • Springer  (5)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer Nature
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (5)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer Nature
Years
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939
  • 1980-1984  (3)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 59-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eyes ; Coleoptera ; Ultrastructure ; Dark-light-adaptation ; Irregularities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structures of the eyes of two Staphylinid beetles, one large (Creophilus erythrocephalus—18 mm in length) and one small (Sartallus signatus—3 mm in length), were compared. 1. The gross structure of the two eyes is the same: a) biconvex corneal lens, b) crystalline cone of “acone type”, c) narrow crystalline thread and thickening of cone cell extensions just above the rhabdom, d) seven retinula cells plus one basal cell, and e) almost the same corneal refractive index and optical properties of the corneal cuticle. Considerable differences exist in size, shape and arrangement of rhabdom, retinula cells and their axons. The smaller size of the eye of Sartallus is caused by reduction of number of facets rather than cell size, and, in fact, retinula cells and rhabdom have been found to be larger in the smaller beetle. 2. Structural changes during dark-light-adaptation affect crystalline cone, position of screening pigment and size of intercellular spaces between the retinula cells. In the dark-adapted state the cone retracts a little and the crystalline tract becomes wider. A thickening of cone cell extensions occurs just above the rhabdom. Screening pigment migrates to a more distal position and intercellular spaces between the retinula cells considerably increase in size as compared with the light-adapted eye. 3. Both eyes are rich in irregularities. An attempt to classify anomalies of compound eyes has been made. The number of cone cells and principal pigment cells varied, in some cases, from 1–5 and 0–3 respectively. Basal retinula cells did not always contribute to the rhabdom. 4. Interferometrical observations reveal the extreme optical homogeneity of the entire corneal cuticle of the eyes of both species. No layers of different refractive index or optical separation of adjacent ommatidia can be found. The refractive index of the cornea of Creophilus is 1.469; that of Sartallus is 1.488. 5. Functional consequences of the changes which occur during dark-light-adaptation are discussed. Exposure to intense light appears to cause a rapid aging of retinula cells, which is indicated by an increase of onion- and multivesicular bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fannia femoralis (Stein) ; pheromone ; mating stimulant pheromone ; (Z)-11-hentriacontene ; cuticular lipid ; fly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular lipids of male and femaleFannia femoralis were similar for recently emerged insects but soon began to develop chromatographic patterns characteristic of each sex. Mature females contained more C31 and C33 monoolefin in the cuticular lipid than males. Also, the double bonds in the monoolefins of the female lipid were situated predominantly at the eleventh and thirteenth carbons, while most of those from the males were centrally located in the molecule or at the ninth carbon. The female C31 monoolefin stimulated copulation by the males, but more mating activity occurred when the saturated hydrocarbons present in the female cuticular lipids were added. The synthetic monoolefin most active as a mating stimulant pheromone was (Z)-11-hentriacontene, but the addition of female alkanes or of syntheticn-alkanes to (Z)-11-hentriacontene increased the activity of the synthetic pheromone.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fannia pusio (Wiedemann) ; pheromone ; mating stimulant pheromone ; (Z)-11-hentriacontene ; cuticular lipid ; fly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatograms of the cuticular lipids washed from newly emerged male and femaleFannia pusio were nearly identical. By the time the flies were 1 day old, the chromatographic profiles for the sexes were different. Mature females contained more C31- and C33-hydrocarbons than the males. The double bonds of the female monoolefins were mostly at the eleventh and thirteenth carbons, but those of the males were predominantly at the ninth carbon. Most active in stimulating copulation by males were the unbranched monoolefins with 31 and 33 carbons from the females. When they were synthesized and tested, the most active compound was (Z)-11-hentriacontene.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 87-101 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eye ; Deep-sea Crustacea ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das aus ca. 700 Ommatidien zusammengesetzte, halbkugelförmige Auge der Tiefseegarnele Gennadas sp. sitzt am Ende eines etwa 1,2 mm langen Stiels. Die Cornea ist zwar außerordentlich dünn, doch der Kristallkegel ist gut entwickelt. Es fehlt eine klare pigmentfreie Zone zwischen dioptrischem Apparat und Rhabdom. Vereinzelte Pigmentkörner werden lediglich innerhalb der Basallamina angetroffen. Das Rhabdom ist massiv und nimmt rund 50 % des Augenvolumens ein. Es besteht aus rechtwinklig angeordneten Mikrovilli, die einen Durchmesser von 72 nm aufweisen. Querschnitte zeigen die dichte Packung der Rhabdome. Interrhabdomale Lüken für Retinula-Zellplasma sind kaum vorhanden. Nach einer einstündigen Helladaptation wurden keine Feinstrukturveränderungen an den Mikrovilli beobachtet. In allen Retinulazellen traten jedoch in der Nähe der Basallamina Vesikel verschiedenster Art auf. Die sieben Axone eines Ommatidiums verlassen das Auge als gemeinsames Bündel, doch unterhalb der Basallamina vereinigen sich oft mehrere Bündel zu größeren Einheiten.
    Notes: Summary The eye of the deep-sea penaeid shrimp Gennadas consists of approximately 700 square ommatidia with a side length of 15 μn. It is hemispherical in shape and is located at the end of a 1.5 mm long eye stalk. The cornea is extremely thin, but the crystalline cone is well-developed. A clear zone between dioptric structures and the rhabdom layer is absent. A few pigment granules are found within the basement membrane; otherwise they, too, are absent from the eye of Gennadas. The rhabdom is massive and occupies 50 % of the eye. It consists of orthogonally oriented microvilli (the latter measuring 0.07 μm in diameter) and is 75 μm long. In cross sections adjacent rhabdoms, all approximately 8 μm in diameter, form an almost continuous sheet and leave little space for retinula cell cytoplasm. In spite of a one h exposure to light, rhabdom microvilli show no disintegration or disruption of membranes. Vesicles of various kinds, however, are present in all seven retinula cells near the basement membrane. Bundles of seven axons penetrate the basement membrane. On their way to the lamina they often combine and form larger aggregations.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 59-79 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eyes ; Arthropod vision ; Deep-sea crustaceans ; Ultrastructure ; Thysanopoda tricuspidata (Euphausiacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The compound eyes of the mesopelagic euphausiid Thysanopoda tricuspidata were investigated by light-, scanning-, and transmission electron microscopy. The eyes are spherical and have a diameter that corresponds to 1/6 of the carapace length. The hexagonal facets have strongly curved outer surfaces. Although there are four crystalline cone cells, only two participate in the formation of the cone, which is 90–120 μm long and appears to have a radial gradient of refractive index. The clear zone, separating dioptric structures and retinula, is only 90–120 μm wide. In it lie the very large oval nuclei of the seven retinula cells. Directly in front of the 70 μm long and 15 μm thick rhabdom a lens-like structure of 12 μm diameter is developed. This structure, known in only a very few arthropods, seems to be present in all species of Euphausiacea studied to date. It is believed that the rhabdom lens improves near-field vision and absolute light sensitivity. Rod-shaped pigment grains and mitochondria of the tubular type are found in the plasma of retinula cells. The position of the proximal screening pigment as well as the microvillar organization in the rhadbdom are indicative of light-adapted material. The orthogonal alignment of rhabdovilli suggests polarization sensitivity. Behind each rhabdom there is a cup-shaped homogeneous structure of unknown, but possibly optical function. Finally, the structure and the function of the euphysiid eye are reviewed and the functional implications of individual components are discussed.
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