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  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1
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    Carbynes in meteorites: detection, low-temperature origin, and implications for interstellar molecules (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-26
    Description: Carbon from the Allende meteorite is not graphite but carbyne (triply bonded elemental carbon), inasmuch as on heating to 250 degrees to 330 degrees C it releases mainly triply bonded fragments: -(C identical withC)(n),- with n = 1 to 5, and -(C identical withC)(n)-CN, with n = 1 to 3. Although carbynes have been known to form only by condensation of carbon vapor above 2600 K or by explosive shock of 〉 600 kilobars, it is found that they also form metastably by the reaction 2CO --〉 CO(2) + C (solid) at 300 degrees to 400 degrees C in the presence of a chromite catalyst. Such low-temperature formation by surface catalysis may be the dominant source of carbynes on the earth and in meteorites, and a major source of interstellar carbynes and cyanopolyacetylenes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayatsu, R -- Scott, R G -- Studier, M H -- Lewis, R S -- Anders, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 26;209(4464):1515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17745960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Interstellar chemistry: polycyanoacetylene formation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anders, E -- Hayatsu, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):689.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17839664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Phenolic ethers in the organic polymer of the murchison meteorite (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-14
    Description: Seven phenolic acids and many nonphenolic organic acids, including large amounts of meta-hydroxy (3-hydroxy) benzoic acid and 3-hydroxy-1,5-benzene-dicarboxylic acid, were obtained from the organic polymer of the Murchison C2 chondrite upon oxidation with alkaline cupric oxide. The phenolic acids apparently were derived from phenolic ethers in the polymer, which in turn probably were formed from carbon monoxide and hydrogen by catalytic Fischer-Tropsch type reactions in the solar nebula. In contrast, terrestrial polymers such as lignin, humic acid, and coal yield mainly para-hydroxy (4-hydroxy) benzene derivatives by the same oxidation procedure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayatsu, R -- Winans, R E -- Scott, R G -- McBeth, R L -- Moore, L P -- Studier, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 14;207(4436):1202-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Carbynes in meteorites - Detection, low-temperature origin, and implications for interstellar molecules (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The presence, origin and implications of carbynes in meteorites are investigated. A sample of the Allende meteorite was pyrolyzed at temperatures from 25 to 750 C and examined by solid probe time-of-flight mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Fragments released upon heating at 250 to 330 C are found to be composed of macromolecules containing triply bonded carbon units and cyanoacetylenes, as well as some methyl- and phenylacetylenes. Although carbynes are well known to form from the condensation of carbon vapors above 2600 K or by shock greater than 600 kbar, which would be unlikely in Allende, it is found that carbynes rather than graphite are formed metastably by the disproportionation of CO at low temperatures when chromite is present as a catalyst. Results imply that metastable formation mechanisms may be the principal source of interstellar polycyanoacetylenes and meteoritic and terrestrial carbynes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 209; Sept. 26
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Organic compounds in meteorites and their origins (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The current investigation represents an extensively updated version of a review conducted by Anders et al. (1973). The investigation takes into account the literature through mid-1980. It is pointed out that Type 1 carbonaceous chondrites (C1) contain 6% of their cosmic complement of carbon, mainly in the form of organic matter. Most authors now agree that this material represents primitive prebiotic matter. The principal questions remaining are what abiotic processes formed the organic matter, and to what extent these processes took place in locales other than the solar nebula, such as interstellar clouds or meteorite parent bodes. The problem is approached in three stages. It is attempted to reconstruct the physical conditions during condensation from the clues contained in the inorganic matrix of the meteorite. The condensation behavior of carbon under these conditions is determined on the basis of thermodynamic calculations. Model experiments on the condensation of carbon are performed, and the synthesized compounds are compared with those actually found in meteorites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Topics in Current Chemistry; 99; 1981
    Format: text
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