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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil Anaerobiosis, Microorganisms, and Root Function (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 18 (1980), S. 37-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.18.090180.000345
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of organic acids on the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 3 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A range of aliphatic, aromatic and amino acids at a concentration of 5 mol m-3 inhibited the extension of roots of barley seedlings. Acetic acid is one of the least toxic but its action has the greatest ecological significance because it can be formed in phytotoxic concentrations by micro-organisms in soil. Its uptake and toxicity were greatest at low pH. Of the plant species which were examined, those most affected were barley, wheat and maize, followed by rape and clover. In aerobic conditions, microbial breakdown of the acid decreased its activity, but in atmospheres containing small concentrations of oxygen the acid prevented the germination of seeds. The toxicity could be partially alleviated by calcium carbonate applied as ground chalk to seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11581824
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of bacterial fermentation of couch grass rhizomes and Fusarium culmorum on the growth of barley seedlings (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 31 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Phytotoxic concentrations of acetic acid were found in extracts of decaying rhizomes of couch grass (Agropyron repens) kept in sand at different moisture levels. Leaf extension of barley seedlings was inhibited by inoculating the radicles before planting with Fusarium culmorum and this inhibition was increased by 5 mM acetic acid. Seed dressings of benomyl and thiram alleviated the inhibition of leaf growth of seedlings grown in sand containing rhizomes inoculated with F. culmorum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1982.tb02810.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associative cellulolysis and dinitrogen fixation by co-cultures of Trichoderma harzianum and Clostridium butyricum (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 310 (1984), S. 695-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Complex materials such as plant residues require a variety of enzymes for their complete degradation which in natural environments is usually provided by mixed microbial communities. Communities with both cellulase and nitrogenase functions are often associated with the degradation of cellulosic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/310695a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the microbial biomass in intact cores of soil (1981)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 7 (1981), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fumigation/respiration technique was used to estimate the size of the soil microbial biomass. Sieving decreased the biomass in winter but increased it in summer; we suggest that this was a consequence of the different substrates available and the different microbial populations during the year. The flush in respiration following fumigation correlated significantly with the CO2-C produced 10 days after fumigation (X), so that in the soils studied by us the biomass (B) can be calculated from Bk=0.673X−3.53, wherek is the fraction of fumigated organisms mineralized to CO2, thus avoiding the need to measure CO2 production from unfumigated cores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of water-soluble components in phytotoxicity from decomposing straw (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetic acid ; Hot water-soluble components ; Phytotoxins ; Straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary When seedling development is slowed by the presence of straw in wet seed-beds both microbial products and compounds of plant origin contribute to phytotoxicity. Hot (100°C) water-soluble extracts from fresh straw contained phytotoxic substances but these accounted for less of the phytotoxicity than the microbial products, primarily acetic acid, from anaerobic fermentation of the insoluble straw polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses). The water-soluble components however also included mineral salts required in the decomposition of these polysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02376798
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative roles of micro-organisms and their metabolites in the phytotoxicity of decomposing plant residues (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 457-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Metabolites ; Micro-organisms ; Phytotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Anaerobically decomposed wheat straw inhibited barley (Hordeum distichon) seedling root growth. By contrast, aerobic degradation of leaves of sweet vernal grass (Anthroxanthum odoratum) stimulated growth. Separation of the associated micro-organisms from their metabolites showed the effect to be largely chemical. However the isolated micro-organisms sometimes exerted a direct effect on seedling growth and this possibility should be taken into account when interpreting the results of experiments on effects of decomposing plant residues on plant growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181363
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of antibiotics on ethylene production by soil micro-organisms (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cyloheximide ; Ethylene ; Mucor hiemalis ; Novobiocin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Treatment of arable soils with antibacterial (novobiocin) and antifungal (cycloheximide) agents had no effect on ethylene accumulation. Novobiocin had a very small effect on the growth ofMucor hiemalis and cycloheximide decreased its maximum specific growth rate but neither agent impaired the capacity of the fungal culture to produce ethylene. Caution must therefore be exercised when using antibiotics to establish the source of soil metabolic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374896
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between biological processes, cultivation and soil structure (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 307-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Autochthonous ; Biomass ; Cultivation ; Inoculation ; Lignocelluloses ; Polysaccharides ; Rhizosphere ; Soil stability ; Soil structure ; Zymogenous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An inherent (autochthonous) biomass is characteristic of a soil while the input of substrates for plant roots or crop residues promotes the transient (zymogenous) biomass. However successful micro-organisms will show aspects of both types of ecological strategy. The biomass generated from plant residue substrates can include toxin-producing and pathogenic species but also beneficial organisms such as N-fixers and polysaccharide-producers. Rhizosphere activity can, depending on soil, plant and microbial species, stabilize or destabilize soils. Microbial activity should be considered in soil management and it may be possible to manipulate the soil population balance towards beneficial organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205589
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of available carbon and nitrogen in straw on soil and ash aggregation and acetic acid production (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 335-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley straw ; Decomposed straw ; Phytotoxicity ; Soluble carbon ; Soluble nitrogen ; Winter wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aerobically decomposed straws containing various contents of available C and N were tested for resultant aggregating effect on Mt. St. Helen's ash and Palouse silt loam. Aggregation decreased when straw N content increased in the range 0.25–1.09% w/w. These results suggest that microbial extra-cellular products are very important for stabilizing soils. Microbial production of acetic acid, which can be phytotoxic to wheat plant seedlings, was greatest initially from the 1.09% N w/w straw. After the first three days of aerobic decomposition, acetic acid production was not linked to the straw N content. The potential of barley and wheat straw to serve as a substrate for acetic acid production was greater than that of the remains of the flowering heads (chaff). However, the chaff might pack more tightly than the straw in the field, which would increase effectively its acetic acid concentration over that of the straw.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450367
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