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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 49 (1984), S. 2381-2386 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 49 (1984), S. 1518-1522 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 106 (1984), S. 2139-2142 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 22 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogenase activity was characterized in cell extracts of Propionispira arboris that consumed or produced H2, coupled to methyl viologen reduction, and displayed highest levels (2.6 μmol/min/mg protein) in extracts prepared from fumarate-grown cells. Reversible hydrogenase activity in cell extracts correlated with the production of low levels of hydrogen during the growth phase and its subsequent consumption during the stationary phase of cells grown on glucose or lactate as the carbon and energy source. The addition of exogenous hydrogen to glucose, lactate or fumarate-grown cells dramatically increased propionate production at the expense of acetate formation. This accounted for the formation of propionate as nearly the sole end product of glucose fermentation under two atmospheres of hydrogen. The physiological function of hydrogenase in regulation of carbon and electron flow, and the significance of the results in applied and environmental microbiology are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 23 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Trace amounts of carbon monoxide were produced and subsequently consumed during the growth of Desulfovibrio vulgaris on organic electron donors. D. vulgaris also utilized carbon monoxide as the sole electron donor for growth and sulfate reduction. Growth of D. vulgaris on CO, H2 or organic electron donors was inhibited at ≥4.5% CO in the culture headspace. At lower CO concentrations, hydrogen was produced as a consequence of CO consumption and consumed when the CO partial pressure was decreased. The rate of CO consumption was ten-fold higher in D. vulgaris grown on either CO, lactate or pyruvate than when cells were grown on H2 as electron donor. The physiological function of CO metabolism and a CO-dependent hydrogen cycle in D. vulgaris is discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 1 (1984), S. 159-169 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: N2O emission ; nitrogen fertilizer ; soil ; subtropics ; atmospheric budget
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Field measurements of N2O emission rates were carried out from August until October 1982 in a subtropical region in Europe, i.e. in Andalusia, Spain. The measurements were performed by using an automatic sampling and analysis technique allowing the semi-continuous determination of N2O emission rates. The N2O emission rates were positively correlated to the soil surface temperature and exhibited a diurnal rhythm with maximum rates in the afternoon and minimum rates in the early morning with average values of 1 μg N2O−N/m2/h for the grass lawn and 15 μg N2O−N/m2/h for cultivated land. Application of urea and ammonium nitrate resulted in elevated N2O emission rates when compared to the unfertilized control. The loss of fertilizer-nitrogen as N2O was 0.18% for urea and 0.04% for NH4NO3 which compares very well with data obtained in a temperate climate (Germany). The total source strength of fertilizer-derived N2O is estimated to be 0.01–2.2 Tg N2O−N per year. The N2O flux from unfertilized natural soils may be as high as 4.5 Tg N2O−N, indicating that the N2O emission from soils contributes significantly to the global N2O budget.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 1 (1984), S. 171-186 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Methane ; carbon dioxide ; production ; destruction ; termites ; soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The flux of CH4 and CO2 from termite nests into the atmosphere has been measured in a broad-leafed-type savannah in South Africa. Measurements were carried out on nests of species of six genera, i.e., Hodotermes, Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Trinervitermes, Cubitermes, and Amitermes. The flux rates of CH4 relative to the flux rate of CO2 in terms of carbon obtained for the individual species showed ratios of 2.9×10-3, 7.0×10-4, 6.7×10-5, 8.7×10-3, 2.0×10-3 and 4.2×10-3, respectively. Using data published on the assimulation efficiencies of termites, the flux of carbon as CH4 accounts for 6.0×10-5 to 2.6×10-3 of the carbon ingested which results in a global CH4 emission by termites of 2 to 5×1012 g/yr. Methane is decomposed in the soil with average decomposition rates of 52 μg/m2/h. The annual CH4 consumption in the tropics and subtropics is estimated to be 21×1012 g which exceeds the CH4 emission rate by termites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 1 (1983), S. 241-268 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Methane emission ; field studies ; rice paddies ; atmospheric CH4 budget ; CH4 transport ; seasonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Methane release rates from rice paddies have been measured in Andalusia, Spain, during almost a complete vegetation period in 1982 using the static box system. The release rates ranged between 2 and 14 mg/m2/h and exhibited a strong seasonal variation with low values during the tillering stage and shortly before harvest, while maximum values were observed at the end of the flowering stage. The CH4 release rate, averaged over the complete vegetation period, accounted for 4 mg/m2/h which results in a worldwide CH4 emission from rice paddies of 35–59×1012 g/yr if we assume that the observed CH4 release rates are representative of global conditions. The CH4 release rates showed diurnal variations with higher values late in the afternoon which were most likely caused by temperature variations within the upper layers of the paddy soils. Approximately 95% of the CH4 emitted into the atmosphere by rice paddies was due to transport through the rice plants. Transport by bubbles or diffusion through the paddy water was of minor importance. Incubation experiments showed that CH4 was neither produced nor consumed in the paddy water. The relase of CH4 from rice paddies caused a diurnal variation of CH4 in ambient air within the rice-growing area with maximum values of up to 2.3 ppmv during the early morning, compared to average daytime values of 1.75 ppmv.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Supposing the glass transition curves can be described by WLF type equations in the diagrams: logarithm frequency against temperature and logarithm frequency against pressure, the isochrones of the glass transition are parallel straight lines or hyperbolas in the diagram pressure against temperature. In the case of hyperbolas the asymptotes p = II 〈 0 and T = θ are independent on frequency. Estimations give some 100 MPa for -II and 100 K to 200 K for θ-Tg in the case of polymers. The volumes of cooperatively rearranging regions are nearly constant along the isochrones. A state diagram for glass forming undercooled liquids is suggested. With the aid of these results some essential phenomena at the first steps of craze initiation can be explained.
    Notes: Unter der Voraussetzung, daß für die Glasübergangskurven in den Diagrammen log v - T bzw. log v - p WLF-Gleichungen gelten, sind die Isochronen des Glasübergangs im Druck-Temperatur-Diagramm entweder parallele Geraden oder Hyperbeln mit von der Frequenz unabhängigen Asymptoten p = II 〈 0 und T = θ. Abschätzungen für polymere Werkstoffe ergeben für-II einige 100 MPa und für θ-Tg etwa 100 bis 200 K. Die Isochronen des Glasüberganges sind Linien, auf denen das Volumen der kooperativen Umlagerungsbereiche näherungsweise konstant ist. Es wird ein Zustandsdiagramm für glasbildende unterkühlte Flüssigkeiten vorgeschlagen. Mit Hilfe dieser Ergebnisse können einige wesentliche Erscheinungen der ersten Etappen der Spannungsrißbildung (craze initiation) erklärt werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1984-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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