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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Inviscid and viscous CFD codes have been applied to a modified Space Shuttle orbiter geometry to investigate differences between preflight aerodynamic predictions and aerodynamic data from hypersonic reentry flight. Flow field solutions were obtained for wind tunnel conditions and flight conditions to assess Mach number, real-gas, and viscous effects on the reentry aerodynamics of the orbiter. Based on the CFD studies, a methodology model has been developed to (1) extrapolate wind tunnel data to flight conditions and (2) calculate a DCM for use with the Aerodynamic Design Data Book. Comparisons are made with selected flight data. Results of the study indicate that the differences between flight and pre-STS-1 predictions of hypersonic pitching moment are primarily due the to Mach number and real-gas effects.
    Keywords: SPACE TRANSPORTATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Shuttle Performance: Lessons Learned, Part 1; p 347-381
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Improved rainfall monitoring using satellite and conventional data are described. A method was developed to: (1) provide rainfall evaluations more uniform, accurate and complete than can be derived from satellite or conventional data alone; (2) serve current operational environmental program in countries with special needs for improved rainfall data; (3) invoke either polar orbiting and/or geostationary imagery as the satellite inputs; (4) utilize global telecommunication system (GTS) SYNOP messages as the basic conventional data inputs; (5) be applicable to any and all types of weather situations in the operational areas; (6) be undemanding in hardware and software so as to be an option available for use even by nations or agencies with very limited financial resources.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Precipitation Meas. from Space:; 6 p
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of reflectivity at horizontal (Zh) and vertical (Zy) polarizations provide adequate information necessary to infer the two parameters of an exponential raindrop size distribution (No, Do) where the distribution is given by N(D) = Noexp(-3.67 D/Do). This distribution enables computation of water content or still air rainfall rates. The physical basis of the radar technique is outlined and illustrated theoretically, and experimental results, comparing radar derived rainfall rates with raingage and disdrometer measurements, are reviewed. The technique is useful for many meteorological and hydrological purposes, including ground truth measurements of rainfall rate over the ocean for comparison with satellite related observations.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Precipitation Meas. from Space:; 4 p
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Time-dependent indexing schemes and time-dependent life-history techniques are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Precipitation Meas. from Space:; 10 p
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Hipot (high voltage potential) and module frame continuity tests of solar energy conversion modules intended for deployment into large arrays are discussed. The purpose of the tests is to reveal potentially hazardous voltage conditions in installed modules, and leakage currents that may result in loss of power or cause ground fault system problems, i.e., current leakage potential and leakage voltage distribution. The tests show a combined failure rate of 36% (69% when environmental testing is included). These failure rates are believed easily corrected by greater care in fabrication.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Proc. of the 24th Project Integration Meeting; p 619-631
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: High voltage potential (Hipot) and module frame continuity tests are important parts of determining the suitability of solar modules for deployment into large arrays for electrical power production. Since field arrays operate at hundreds of volts above (or below) ground potential at some point in the field, it is necessary to assure adequate voltage isolation of the solar cell circuits.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Proc. of the Flat-Plate Solar Array Proj. Res. Forum on the Design of Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Arrays for Central Sta.; p 105-121
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The placement of photovoltaic modules in various applications, in climates and locations throughout the world, results in different degrees and combinations of environmental and electrical stress. Early detection of module reliability deficiencies via laboratory testing is necessary for achieving long, satisfactory field service. This overview paper describes qualification testing techniques being used in the US Department of Energy's flat-plate terrestrial photovoltaic development program in terms of their significance, rationale for specified levels and durations, and test results.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Reliability; R-31; Aug. 198
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Silicon, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride have been sputtered with chlorine ions at 5 MeV and 20 MeV. While the yield from the silicon target was unmeasurably low, the insulating compounds exhibited the enhanced yields observed in other insulating targets. The yield follows the electronic stopping power and seems to be independent of the target's thermal properties. Some of the data suggest that the enhanced sputtering mechanism may be active in extremely thin films (not less than 3 monolayers).
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Radiation Effects (ISSN 0033-7579); 70; 1983
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The sputtering of UF4 targets by energetic beams of O-16, F-19, and Cl-35 ions has been investigated for beam energies in the range 0.12 to 1.5 MeV/amu. The sputtering yields, which follow the same trend as the electronic part of the projectile energy loss in the material, are observed to have a strong dependence on the charge state of the incident ions. Data have been taken both in transmission and reflection (0 and 180 deg to the incident beam direction, respectively). Energy spectra of the neutral sputtered particles have been obtained for 5 MeV F-19 ions and for 13 MeV Cl-35 ions; in both cases the spectrum has a Maxwellian form. The data obtained are compared with several models of the high energy sputtering process.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Radiation Effects (ISSN 0033-7579); 71; 1983
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Longwave emissivities and the vertical profile of cooling rates of tropical cirrus clouds are determined using broadband hemispheric irradiance data. Additionally, a broadband mass absorption coefficient is defined and used to relate emissivity to water content. The data used were collected by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Sabreliner during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) in the summer of 1974. Three case studies are analyzed showing that these tropical cirrus clouds approached an emissivity of 1.0 within a vertical distance of 1.0 km. Broadband mass absorption coefficients ranging from 0.076 to 0.096 sq m per g are derived. A comparison of these results with other work suggests that tropical cirrus cloud emissivities may be significantly larger than heretofore believed. Ice water content of the clouds were deduced from data collected by a one-dimensional particle spectrometer. Analyses of the ice water content and the observed particle size distributions are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 37; May 1980
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