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  • Articles  (43)
  • 1980-1984  (43)
  • Biology  (43)
  • Computer Science  (2)
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  • Articles  (43)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A portable system for measuring carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange of leaves (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The apparatus described here is a fully portable, steady-state gas exchange system for simultaneous measurements of the CO2 exchange and transpiration of single, attached leaves. The leaf cuvette provides temperature, humidity, and CO2-concentration control. The system is suitable for either surveys or detailed studies of photosynthetic and stomatal responses to environmental variables. Representative data demonstrate the response time characteristics of the system and constitute the first field evidence of stomatal behaviour consistent with a recent hypothesis concerning the optimum pattern of stomatal conductance for the maximization of water-use-efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11571607
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic plasticity of populations of Heliotropium curassavicum L. originating from differing thermal regimes (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 372-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants of the widely distributed species Heliotropium curassavicum L. have a large photosynthetic acclimation potential to temperature. There are, however, some differences among the acclimation potentials of populations occupying dissimilar thermal regimes. Plants of populations originating from a cool maritime climate have a greater acclimation potential than plants of populations originating from a desert habitat, which is characterized by large seasonal changes in temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation and its consequences for Copiapoa (Cactaceae) in the Atacama Desert (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 46 (1980), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three species of the barrel cactus Copiapoa (C. cinerea, C. columna-alba, C. haseltoniana) were investigated in their native habitats along the cool, arid coastal regions of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. All species orient towards the north with a high degree of precision. Two consequences of adaptive value result from this northerly orientation. First, tissue temperatures of the meristematic and floral regions on the tip of the cactus receive high solar radiation loads which result in high temperatures (30°–40°C) relative to air temperatures (15°–20°) during winter and spring months when adequate soil moisture for growth is available. Second, absorption of solar radiation by the sides of the cactus is minimized, which reduces both the potential detrimental effects of light and heat load on the cactus and probably balances daily quanta absorbed for photosynthesis with nighttime CO2 uptake rates during drought stress periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346967
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological adaptation and plasticity to water stress of coastal and desert populations of Heliotropium curassavicum L. (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 52 (1982), S. 370-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In spite of the ten times higher evaporative demand in a desert versus a coastal habitat, plants of populations of Heliotropium curassavicum from both show similar stomatal conductances in the field as well as under controlled conditions. The desert plants however have a plastic stomatal response to dry air growing conditions which results in a greater photosynthetic performance at negative water potentials. The root and stem resistance to water flow is lower in the desert plants resulting in the maintenance of a high transpiration rate without a large reduction in water potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367961
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction and maintenance costs of mediterranean-climate evergreen and deciduous leaves I. Growth and CO2 exchange analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 53 (1982), S. 208-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gas exchange and leaf growth analysis were used in conjunction to determine leaf-construction and maintenance costs in three co-occurring shrubs of the california chaparral, one evergreen, Heteromeles arbutifolia, and two drougth deciduous species, Lepechinia calycina, and Diplacus aurantiacus. The construction costs per unit of leaf weight were similar among the three species and very close to values reported for other evergreens but considerably higher than leaf construction costs for other deciduous or herbaceous plants. Maintenance costs per unit of leaf weight were significantly greater in one deciduous species, L. calycina, than in the evergreen. Maintenance costs for all species were in the range reported for herbaceous species and considerably above those reported for other evergreens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545665
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compromises between water-use efficiency and nitrogen-use efficiency in five species of California evergreens (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 60 (1983), S. 384-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In five California evergreen trees and shrubs cooccurring in this study but most common in habitats of different moisture availability, leaf nitrogen was a major determinant of photosynthetic capacity. Within each species, stomatal conductance was highly correlated with photosynthetic capacity, resulting in little variation in the concentration of CO2 in the intercellular spaces. Among species, intercellular CO2 concentrations varied significantly. Under controlled conditions, the leaves that realized the highest photosynthesis per unit of leaf nitrogen tended to realize the lowest photosynthesis per unit of water transpired. The ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration, an instantaneous measure of intrinsic water-use efficiency, was highest in the species commonly found in the direst habitats and lowest in the species most common in the wettes habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376856
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental controls on the seasonality of a drought deciduous shrub, Diplacus aurantiacus and its predator, the checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas chalcedona (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Diplacus aurantiacus produces a full canopy of leaves during the rainy winter and spring. As the drought begins in summer, all but the terminal leaves are lost. The leaves present during the growth period have a comparatively low specific weight and a high content of water, protein, and non-structural carbohydrate on a weight basis. Leaves of this type have a high carbon-gain per unit dry matter investment. The larvae of Euphydryas chalcedona utilize Diplacus as their principal food source. Following the first winter rains, the shrub starts to grow and the larvae of Euphydryas break diapause and begin actively feeding. Adults are produced which lay eggs that hatch into prediapause larvae. During the end of the growth period of the shrub, as the quality and quantity of Diplacus leaves decline, the prediapause larvae have a brief period of active feeding and growth and then enter diapause. Diplacus produces a leaf surface resin which inhibits the growth of Euphydryas larvae. It is present in the highest amounts on those few leaves that remain on the shrub during the drought period. The type and pattern of herbivore defense in Diplacus fits the model described for “apparent” plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346452
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology of SO2 resistance (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 52 (1982), S. 16-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 10 broadleafed trees and shrubs native to the mediterranean climactic zone in California were surveyed for their photosynthetic and stomatal responses to SO2. These species ranged from drought deciduous to evergreen and had diverse responses to SO2. These results suggest an approach for predicting SO2 resistances of plants. We found that conductance values of plants in SO2-free air can be used to estimate the quantity of SO2 which plants absorb. These estimates are based on conductance values for plants in non-limiting environmental conditions. SO2 absorption quantities are then used to predict relative photosynthesis following the fumigation. Thus, relative photosynthesis of plants following fumigation can be predicted on the basis of conductance in SO2-free air. This approach to predicting SO2 resistances of plants includes analysis of their stomatal responses to fumigation, their characteristics of SO2 adsorption and absorption, and their change in photosynthesis resulting from SO2 stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of drought response in leaf-succulent shrubs of the coastal Atacama Desert in Northern Chile (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 46 (1980), S. 196-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Despite the extrame aridity of the coastal Atacama Desert in northern Chile, sparse communities of leaf succulent shrubs and small cacti are regularly present. While most shrub species have small succulent leaves and accumulate high concentrations of salts in their tissues, the variable rooting patterns and mixed dominance of CAM and C3 species indicates a significant divergence in adaptive strategies. All dominant shrubs are readily surviving extended drought, but some species are much better able than others to maintain active growth and flowering. Regular flowering may not be a prerequisite for shrub population maintenance since large piles of viable seeds are present under the canopies of many species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540126
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf age and seasonal effects on light, water, and nitrogen use efficiency in a California shrub (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 56 (1983), S. 348-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Photosynthetic capacity, leaf nitrogen content, and stomatal conductance decreased with increasing leaf age in the chaparral shrub, Lepechinia calycina, growing in its natural habitat. Efficiency of resource use for three resources that potentially limit photosynthesis did not, however, decrease with increasing leaf age. Light-use efficiency, given by the quantum yield of photosynthesis at low light intensities, was unaffected by leaf aging but decreased slightly through the winter and spring growing season. Water-use efficiency, the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration at light saturation and with a constant water vapor concentration gradient, was not affected by leaf aging or seasonal change. Nitrogen-use efficiency, the ratio of photosynthesis at light saturation to leaf nitrogen content did not change with leaf age but was lower in the leaves with the highest specific weights. This ensemble of leaf-age effects is consistent with the hypothesis that aging represents resource redistribution and not uncontrolled deterioration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379711
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