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  • thermal conductivity  (5)
  • Rats  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (6)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Immobilization ; Rats ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The therapeutic effects of vitamin D analogs, 1,24(R)-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24(R)(OH)2D3], 1,24(S)-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24(S)(OH)2D3], and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] on immobilization osteoporosis were studied in rats. The right hind limb was immobilized through application of a plaster cast following the section of the sciatic nerve. The left hind limb was intact. Vitamin D analogs were orally administered for 6 weeks at dose levels of 0.02 and 0.10µg/kg/day, respectively. The mean lengths of the immobilized femurs were not significantly different from those of the intact femurs in all the experimental groups. In the immobilized femur of animals treated with 1,24(R)(OH)2D3, 0.10µg/kg, dry and ash weights were heavier and calcium and phosphorus contents greater than those in the nontreated group. Furthermore, the amount of calcified bone mass and the cortical thickness of the femurs of the immobilized limb in 1,24(R)(OH)2D3-treated animals were greater than those in the nontreated animals. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 at 0.10µg/kg caused an increase of the bone mass in both immobilized and intact femurs when compared with those of the control group. It was concluded that the administration of 1,24(R)(OH)2D3 diminished the effect of immobilization in the development of osteoporosis without any side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 3 (1982), S. 101-116 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: aromatic hydrocarbons ; cyclohexane ; n-alkanes ; phenyl halides ; thermal conductivity ; toluene ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract New experimental data on the thermal conductivity of 14 organic liquids at atmospheric pressure are presented in the temperature range from 25 to 100°C. The liquids measured are five n-alkanes (C6, C7, C8, C10, C12), cyclohexane, six aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, p-xylenes, isopropylbenzene) and two phenyl halides (chloro-, bromobenzenes). The measurements were performed by a transient hot-wire method on a relative basis. The thermal conductivity of toluene, which was selected as a reference liquid, was determined on an absolute basis with another transient apparatus. The precision of the present experimental results is within ±1.2%. The uncertainty of the thermal conductivity values is estimated to be within ±2%; this includes the uncertainty of the values of toluene as the reference liquid. The experimental results for each liquid are represented satisfactorily by a linear equation in temperature. At a reduced temperature T/T c=0.5, thermal conductivity has a simple relation with the molar density for each homologous series of liquids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 2 (1981), S. 249-268 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: chorotrifluoromethane (R 13) ; chlorodifluoromethane (R 22) ; dichlorodifluoromethane (R 12) ; fluorocarbon ; pressure effect on thermal conductivity ; thermal conductivity ; trifluoromethane (R 23)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal conductivity of four gaseous fluorocarbon refrigerants has been measured by a vertical coaxial cylinder apparatus on a relative basis. The fluorocarbon refrigerants used and the ranges of temperature and pressure covered are as follows: R 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2): 298.15–393.15 K, 0.1–4.28 MPa R 13 (Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3): 283.15–373.15 K, 0.1–6.96 MPa R 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2): 298.15–393.15 K, 0.1–5.76 MPa R 23 (Trifluoromethane CHF3): 283.15–373.15 K, 0.1–6.96 MPa The apparatus was calibrated using Ar, N2, and CO2 as the standard gases. The uncertainty of the experimental data is estimated to be within 2%, except in the critical region. The behavior of the thermal conductivity for these fluorocarbons is quite similar; thermal conductivity increases with increasing pressure. The temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity at constant pressure, (∂λ/∂T) p , is positive at low pressures and becomes negative at high pressures. Therefore, the thermal conductivity isotherms of each refrigerant intersect each other in a specific range of pressure. A steep enhancement of thermal conductivity is observed near the critical point. The experimental results are statistically analyzed and the thermal conductivities are expressed as functions of temperature and pressure and of temperature and density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 3 (1982), S. 201-215 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: density ; isothermal compressibility ; Tait equation ; thermal conductivity ; thermal expansion coefficient ; toluene ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract New experimental data on the thermal conductivity and the density of liquid toluene are presented in the temperature range 0–100°C at pressures up to 250 MPa. The measurements of thermal conductivity were performed with a transient hot-wire apparatus on an absolute basis with an inaccuracy less than 1.0%. The density was measured with a high-pressure burette method with an uncertainty within 0.1%. The experimental results for both properties are represented satisfactorily by the Tait-type equations, as well as empirical polynomials, covering the entire ranges of temperature and pressure. Furthermore, it is found that simple relations exist between the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient, and also between the pressure dependence of thermal conductivity and the isothermal compressibility, as are suggested theoretically.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 5 (1984), S. 23-40 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: density ; liquid ; pressure ; Tait-type equation ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Most of the thermophysical properties of fluids are greatly altered at high pressures, and the studies of these changes are of much scientific and technological importance. In this paper, the effects of temperature and pressure on the density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of various liquids are described briefly, based on recent experimental results from the author's laboratory. The objectives of this investigation, methods of measurements, and some of the experimental results are reviewed, as well as the present aspects in this field. Several important problems to be interpreted are also pointed out from the present measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 4 (1983), S. 283-294 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: compressibility factor ; database system: density ; dielectric constant ; refractive index ; retrieval program ; specific enthalpy ; specific entropy ; specific heat capacity ; specific volume ; surface tension ; thermal conductivity ; vapor pressure ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new database system was designed and constructed in order to provide the newest and most reliable numerical data on thermophysical properties of fluids to the scientific and technical community as quickly as possible. The database is concerned with 12 kinds of property data: density, specific volume, compressibility factor, vapor pressure, specific heat, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, viscosity, thermal conductivity, surface tension, refractive index, and dielectric constant of 340 pure fluids under all conditions of seven convenient physical states. Only the most probable data, which were critically evaluated in advance, are compiled as functions of temperature and pressure in the form of either numerical data tables or correlation formulas. Property values at desired grid points of temperature and pressure can be obtained in SI units directly or by interpolations with some supplementary information, such as the grade of reliability, source bibliography, and fundamental physical constants of the fluid. The database is usable as conversational processing by TSS, the tabulation of property data in a batch processing, and one of the subroutine libraries in the computation of a user's program. Ten kinds of application programs are prepared for multipurpose retrievals so that anyone can use the database without any special knowledge of the structure or machine languages of this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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