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  • Other Sources  (506)
  • SOLAR PHYSICS  (324)
  • LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)  (182)
  • 1980-1984  (506)
  • 1
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    Effect of space flight on bone strength (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To test the possibility that spaceflight has a deleterious effect on bone mechanical properties, femur breaking strength by torsional loading in rats that had been flown for 19 days aboard Cosmos 936 was determined. The results showed that femurs from flight rats were less stiff than the flight controls, and failed under torsion at a lower torque and energy of absorption. The defect was corrected following space flight and could be prevented during space flight by centrifuging the rats at 1 x g. Altered bone geometry due to inhibition of bone formation at the periosteal surface provides the most likely explanation for the decrease in bone strength during spaceflight.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: p. S-75
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  • 2
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    Observations of a probable change in the solar radius between 1715 and 1979 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A decrease in the solar radius is determined using the technique of Dunham and Dunham (1973), in which timed observations are made just inside the path edges. When the method is applied to the solar eclipses of 1715, 1976, and 1979, the solar radius for 1715 is 0.34 + or - 0.2 arc second larger than the recent values, with no significant change between 1976 and 1979. The duration of totality is examined as a function of distance from the edges of the path. Corrections to the radius of the sun derived from observations of the 1976 and 1979 eclipses by the International Occultation Timing Association are also presented.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Science; 210; Dec. 12
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  • 3
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    Diode laser heterodyne observations of silicon monoxide in sunspots - A test of three sunspot models (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Absorption features from the 8 micron SiO fundamental (upsilon = 1-0) and hot bands (upsilon = 2-1) have been observed in sunspots at sub-Doppler resolution using a ground-based tunable diode laser heterodyne spectrometer. The observed line widths suggest an upper limit of 0.5 km/s for the microturbulent velocity in sunspot umbrae. Since the silicon monoxide abundance is very sensitive to sunspot temperature, the measured equivalent widths permit an unambiguous determination of the temperature-pressure relation in the upper layers of the umbral atmosphere. In the region of SiO line formation (log P sub g = 3.0-4.5), the results support the sunspot model suggested by Stellmacher and Wiehr (1970).
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 269; June 1
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  • 4
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    Simulating certain aspects of hypogravity - Effects on bone maturation in the nonweight bearing skeleton (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: For a determination of how the nonweight-bearing skeletons, i.e., lower jaws, of 41-day and 1-year old rats would respond to 10 or 14 days of partial skeletal unloading by elevating the hindquarters (PULEH), an experimental system to simulate the fluid shifts and unloading of portions of the skeleton which occur during spaceflight was developed. In comparison with the bone matrix mineralization recorded in the mandibles of rats flown in the Soviet 18.5 day Cosmos-1129 mission, the PULEH studies failed to produce spaceflight-like maturation defects.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-0562); 54; 1080-108
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  • 5
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    A solar activity monitoring platform for SCADM (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The adaptation of proven space probe technology is proposed as a means of providing a solar activity monitoring platform which could be injected behind the Earth's orbital position to give 3 to 6 days advanced coverage of the solar phenomenon on the backside hemisphere before it rotates into view and affects terrestrial activities. The probe would provide some three dimensional discrimination within the ecliptic latitude. This relatively simple off-Earth probe could provide very high quality data to support the SCADM program, by transmitting both high resolution video data of the solar surface and such measurements of solar activity as particle, X-ray, ultraviolet, and radio emission fluxes. Topics covered include the orbit; constraints on the spacecraft; subsystems and their embodiments; optical imaging sensors and their operation; and the radiation-pressure attitude control system are described. The platform would be capable of mapping active regions on an hourly basis with one arc-second resolution.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Study of the Solar Cycle from Space; p 45-54
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  • 6
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    Thermal bifurcation in the upper photosphere inferred from heterodyne spectroscopy of OH rotational lines (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Low-noise (S/N greater than 100), high spectral resolution observations of two pure rotation transitions of OH from the solar photosphere are used to make inferences concerning the thermal structure and inhomogeneity of the upper photosphere. It is found that the v = O R22(24.5)e line strengthens at the solar limb, in contradiction to the predictions of current one-dimensional photospheric models. The results for this line support a two-dimensional model in which horizontal thermal fluctuations in the upper photosphere are of the order plus or minus 800 K. This thermal bifurcation may be maintained by the presence of magnetic flux tubes and may be related to the solar limb extensions observed in the 30-200-micron region.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 94; 57-74
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  • 7
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    Effects of hypergravity on rat liver regeneration (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effects of centrifugation on liver regrowth were examined by measuring mitotic activity. The results indicate that the increased gravity caused a delay in the onset of mitotic activity and a significant decrease in overall mitotic activity.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Space Gerontology; p 53-54
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  • 8
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    Evidence for arrested bone formation during spaceflight (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Addressing the question of whether the bone formed in space is unusual, the morphology of bone made at the tibial diaphysis of rats before, during, and after spaceflight is studied. Evidence of arrest lines in the bone formed in space is reported suggesting that bone formation ceases along portions of the periosteum during spaceflight. Visualized by microradiography, the arrest lines are shown to be less mineralized than the surrounding bone matrix. When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, it is seen that bone fractures more readily at the site of an arrest line. These observations are seen as suggesting that arrest lines are a zone of weakness and that their formation may result in decreased bone strength in spite of normalization of bone formation after flight. The occurrence, location, and morphology of arrest lines are seen as suggesting that they are a visible result of the phenomenon of arrested bone formation.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 9
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    Atrophy of rat skeletal muscles in simulated weightlessness (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A hypokinetic rat model was used for elucidation of the mechanism of skeletal muscle wasting which occurs in weightlessness. Rats were suspended from a back-harness with the head tilted downward and the hind limbs totally unloaded. A progressive decrease in the size of the soleus muscle from suspended rats was observed as a function of time. The rate of protein degradation of the homogenates from the soleus muscles of suspended and control animals was not significantly different. The rate of cell-free protein synthesis was severely repressed in the atrophied muscle. An initial rise in the levels of plasma glucose and corticosterone was observed on the second day of suspension, but they subsequently returned to normal values.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 10
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    Effect of spaceflight on the non-weight-bearing bones of rat skeleton (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effects of weightlessness on the integrated growth and remodeling of nonweight-bearing bones (the mandibles, teeth, and ribs) were studied. Rats prelabeled with tetracycline to mark the surfaces of bone and tooth formation were subjected to spaceflight conditions for 18.5 days, followed by further injections of tetracycline on days 6 and 29 postflight.Results show that spaceflight conditions did not alter the rate of periosteal bone formation in the ribs and regions of the mandibles covered by masticatory muscles, although bone formation-calcification rates were found to be impaired at those sites in the jaw that had no contiguous muscle (molar region). The remodeling activity on the alveolar bone around the buccal roots of the molar teeth was found to be significantly reduced. While total Ca, P, and hydroxyproline concentrations in the jaws, incisors, and ribs were normal after spaceflight, it was determined that weightless conditions caused a delay in the maturation of bone mineral and matrix in the jaws. These anomalies were found to be corrected by 29 days postflight. These results indicate that most of the nonweight-bearing bones of the rat skeleton are at risk to the effects of weightlessness.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: American Journal of Physiology; Regulatory, Interactive and Comparative Physiology (ISSN 0363-6119); 13; March 19
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