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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,572)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 1980-1984  (1,771)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Teilchengrößenbestimmung bei Polyvinylchlorid-LaticesVortrag auf dem Internationalen Symposium „Polymer dispersionen“ vom 4. bis 6. September 1978 in Dresden/DDR (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 31 (1980), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of the particle size in PVC latices at average particle diameters smaller than 40 nm is achieved by ultracentrifugation combined with strioscopic detection. Bimodal distributions having maxima above and below 40 nm can be characterized by ultracentrifugation and separate detection by turbidimetric and strioscopic methods. Ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, light scattering and turbidimetry provide comparable particle diameters of monomodal latices for corresponding average values.
    Notes: Die Bestimmung der Größe von PVC-Latexteilchen mit mittleren Teilchendurchmessern kleiner 40 nm gelingt durch Ultrazentrifugation mit schlierenoptischer Detektion. Bimodale Latices mit Verteilungsmaxima oberhalb und unterhalb 40 nm können durch Ultrazentrifugation und getrennte Detektion mittels Trübungsmessung und Schlierenoptik charakterisiert werden. Ultrazentrifugation, Elektronenmikroskopie, Lichtstreuung und Trübungsmessung führen bei monomodalen Latices für vergleichbare Mittelwerte zu gleichen mittleren Teilchendurchmessern.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1980.010310510
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of deposits on high water content contact lenses (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Deposits on soft contact lenses of high water content were investigated morphologically and chemically and compared with those on conventional soft contact lenses of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The material of the lenses examined in this investigation was the crosslinked copolymer of methyl methacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone with a water content higher than 70%. Morphologically, the deposits on the lenses with high water content were found to have no characteristics distinguishable from those on conventional lenses. By the electron microscopic observation of the cross section of a lens that had become opaque, it was confirmed that the deposit was on the lens surface and that no deposit was within the lens. Some spots on the lenses were recognized as colonies of microorganisms, but the majority of the spots had no involvement by microorganisms. Surface analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) confirmed that the main component of the filmy deposit was protein. Protein was detected in most of the deposits. The amino acid compositions of the proteins were found to be close to that of lysozyme. From the elemental analysis of several spots, silicon, aluminum, iron, and some other elements were detected. The structural analysis of some spots by a laser Raman microprobe (MOLE) revealed the existence of lipids. In several cases, the deposits were found to have grown around a defect of the lens surface. A mechanism for the formation of deposits is suggested.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820170205
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  • 3
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    Laboratory analysis of techniques for remote sensing of estuarine parameters using laser excitation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The theoretical concepts underlying remote sensing of estuarine parameters using laser excitation are examined. The concepts are extended to include Mie scattering as a measure of the total suspended solids and to develop the water Raman signal as an internal standard. Experimental validation of the theory was performed using backscattered laser light from a laboratory tank to simulate a remote-sensing geometry. Artificially prepared sediments and biological cultures were employed to check specific aspects of the theory under controlled conditions. Natural samples gathered from a variety of water types were also analyzed in the tank to further enhance the simulation. The results indicate that it should be possible to remotely quantify total suspended solids, dissolved organics, attenuation coefficient, chlorophyll a, and phycoerythrin in estuarine water using laser excitation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 22; Jan. 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Nimbus-6 and -7 Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) sensor details and component tests (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Construction details and operating characteristics are described for the thermopile (used in the solar and fixed-Earth channels) and the pyroelectric detector (used in the Earth-scanning channels) carried on the Nimbus 6 and the Nimbus 7 satellites for gathering Earth radiation budget data. Properties of the black coating for the detectors, and sensor testing and calibration are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-83906 , NAS 1.15:83906 , G-82F2002
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyurethane ionomers. I. Structure-properties relationships of polyurethane ionomers (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 2467-2479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of chemical structure on mechanical properties of polyurethane ionomers (PU ionomers) has been examined. NCO-terminated prepolymers prepared from primarily 4,4-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol (PTMO) were chain extended with tertiary amine-containing diols and the ionomers obtained by quaternization of the prepolymers. The N-methyldiethanolamine chain extender gave the best physical properties. The mechanical properties of the PU ionomers were improved with decreasing chain length of PTMO and with increasing concentration of quaternary ammonium centers (or NCO/OH ratio of PU prepolymers). A lower degree of quaternization resulted in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the resulting PU ionomers, but their properties could be improved by post-quaternization. The adhesion of the PU ionomers to aluminum and the glass transition temperature increased with increasing concentration of quaternizing centers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Praxisnahe Prüfung korrosions- und erosionsbeständiger Pumpenwerkstoffe (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 350-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 39 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19830141010
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Praxisnahe Prüfung korrosions- und erosionsbeständiger Pumpenwerkstoffe (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 14 (1983), S. 311-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion- and Erosion-Resistant Pump Material-Investigations Under Flow Conditions Close to PracticeThe major goals of these investigations can be described as follows: -design, construction and test of laboratory appraratus to study the resistance of pump impellers under corrosive and erosive attack in various aggressive media,-simulation of flow conditions characteristics for pumps as close to practice as possible to study the non-uniform attack in corrosive media of various type, concentration and temperature.The following materials were used in these studies: -a ferritic-austenitic cast stainless steel of type 0,03% C - 24% Ni - 20% Cr - 6% Ni - 2,5% Mo - 3% Cu - 0,15% N (German designation: G-X3 CrNiMoCuN24 6)-a purely austenitic cast stainless steel of type 0,07% C - 25% Ni - 20% Cr - 3% Mo - 2% Cu - 0,25% Nb (German designation: G-X 7 NiCrMoCuNb 25 20, Werkstoff-No. 1.4500).The investigations were concentrated on the corrosion and erosioncorrosion behaviour of these steels in static and flowing sulfuric acid of various concentrations and temperatures. The effect of flow conditions of the acid was studied by evaluating the weight losses of the materials in three different apparaturs: the rotating disc, the once-through tube and the impeller with tube-shaped flow canals.The main result of these studis was the well exposed effect of flow conditions of the acid on the corrosion and erosion-corrosion behaviour of the materials. A detailed analysis shows that: 1there is the well-known decrease of the corrosion resistance of both materials under flow in the rotating disc apparatus.2there is, however, an increase of the corrosion resistance in the tube and model impeller apparatus compared to static solutions.3there is a strong increase of the corrosion rate in the region of active corrosion itself under any flow condition of the acid.4there are three types of corrosive attack occuring on the duplex stainless steel independent of the flow of the sulfuric acid: -uniform corrosion,-selective corrosion of the femte,-selective corrosion of the austenite.5there is a region of undefined corrosion behaviour separating the range of corrosion resistance from that of active corrosion for the duplex as well as for the austenitic stainless steel.
    Notes: Ziel der Untersuchung war die Entwicklung, der Bau und die Erprobung einer Versuchseinrichtung, mit der im Labormaßstab definierte pumpenspezifische Strömungszustände simuliert werden können, um in Angriffsmitteln unterschiedlicher Art, Konzentration und Temperatur Ausschluß über die nicht gleichmäßige Abtragung an Kreisel-pumpen-Laufrädern zu erhalten.Untersucht wurden der austenitisch-ferritische Stahlguß G-X3 CrNiMoCuN24 6 (Werkstoff II) und der austenitische Stahlguß G-X7 NiCrMoCuNb 25 20 (Werkstoff II).Der Strömungseinfluß wurde mit der rotierenden Scheibe, mit dem durchströmten Rohr und mit einer Versuchspumpe mit rohförmigen Prüfkörpern im Laufrad untersucht.Es zeigte sich ein deutlicher Einfluß des Strömungszustandes auf die Korrosionseigenschaften, Hervorzuheben sind: 1An rotierenden Scheiben aus beiden Werkstoffen wurde in bestimmten Temperatur- und Konzentrationsbereichen die aus der Literatur bekannte Abnahme der Beständigkeit unter Strömungseinfld beobachtet.2Versuche mit dem durchströmten Rohr und rnit der Versuchs- pumpe zeigten bei beiden Werkstoffen eine Verbreiterung des Beständigkeitsbereiches gegenüber Versuchen rnit dem ruhenden Angriffsmittel.3Im Unbeständigkeitsbereich wird die Korrosion durch die Strömung erheblich verstärkt.4Bei Beaufschlagung von Werkstoff I mit Schwefelsäuren können - unabhängig von der Strömung - drei Erscheinungsformen der Korrosion auftreten: gleichförmige Korrosion selektive Korrosion des ferritischen undselektive Korrosion des austenitischen Gefügebestandteils.5Bei beiden Werkstoffen ist der Beständigkeitsbereich vom Bereich der aktiven Metallauflösung durch eine Zone unbestimmten Verhaltens und stark streuender Abtragungsraten getrennt.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19830140908
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trennung von Schallemissionssignalen durch rechnerische Analysen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 160-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Separation of Acoustic Emission Signals by Computerized AnalysesFeatures extracted from acoustic emission signals by means of different analysis methods can be evaluated by the application of pattern recognition computer programs. By these methods it can be established, whether the employed features - maximum amplitude, signal rise time, pulse sum, pulse area, pulse energy and mean amplitude as well as simple characteristics of frequency spectra - are capable to distinguish acoustic emission signals or whether combinations of features lead to better results when single features fail.The efficiency of different analyses and the pattern recongnition programs is examined by four simulated types of signals. According to the employed analysis method there are distinct differences regarding the separation of acoustic emission. However, by applying feature combinations signal groups not separable by single analysis methods can be distinguished.
    Notes: Merkmale, die mit Hilfe verschiedener Analyseverfahren aus Schallemissionssignalen gewonnen werden, können durch den Einsatz von Rechenverfahren zur Mustererkennung bewertet werden. Durch Anwendung dieser Programme kann festgestellt werden, ob die verwendeten Merkmale - maximale Amplitude, Signalanstiegszeit, Schallsumme, Impulsfläche, Impulsenergie und mittlere Amplitude sowie einfache Kenngrößen aus Frequenzspektren - die Schallemissionssignale trennen können oder ob für den Fall, daß ein einzelnes Merkmal diese Aufgabe nicht löst, eine Kombination von Merkmalen zu einem besseren Ergebnis führt.Die Möglichkeiten der verschiedenen Analysen sowie der Mustererkennungsprogramme werden anhand von vier simulierten Signalarten überprüft. Je nach Analyseverfahren ergeben sich dabei deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Trennung der Schallemissionen. Jedoch kann selbst bei Signalgruppen, die mit einem Analyseverfahren nicht getrennt werden können, durch die Anwendung von Merkmalskombinationen die Unterscheidung verbessert werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19810120506
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion and layer formation of passive copper in alkaline solutionsVortrag, gehalten anläßlich des 9. International Congress on Metallic Corrosion, Toronto, Canada, 3.-7. Juni 1984. (1984)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 512-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion und Schichtbildung bei passivem Kupfer in alkalischen LösungenKupfer bildet passivierende Schichten in alkalischen Lösungen. In Abhängigkeit vom Elektrodenpotential liegt eine Cu2O oder eine Cu2O/CuO, Cu(OH)2-Schicht vor. Die Struktur und Zusammensetzung der Schicht wurde mit verschiedenen Methoden untersucht wie Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie (XPS), Ionenrückstreuung (ISS) und in situ photoakustischer Spektroskopie (PAS). Die Dicke und das Wachsen der Passivschicht wurde durch ihre elektrochemische Reduktion bestimmt, d. h. durch die Ladungen der potentiodynamischen Reduktionspeaks oder die Auswertung entsprechender Potentialstufen galvanostatischer Versuche. Die Ergebnisse stützen einen Hochfeldmechanismus für die Oxidbildung mit einem invers logarithmischen Zeitgesetz und einem linearen Anwachsen der Oxiddicke mit dem Elektrodenpotential. Die Kapazität der Cu2O-Schicht entspricht der Vorstellung eines dünnen halbleitenden Films. Untersuchungen mit einer rotierenden Pt-Ring-Cu-Scheiben-Elektrode mit gespaltenem Ring ermöglicht die Auftrennung der Gesamtstromdichte in einen Schichtbildungs- und Korrosionsteil. Die Ausbeute für die Korrosion ist sehr klein für den ersten Moment der Schichtbildung und steigt in wenigen Minuten auf ν ≈ 90%. Im Potentialbereich der Cu2O-Bildung wird nur ν ≈ 50% erreicht.
    Notes: Copper forms passivating layers in alkaline solutions. Depending on the electrode potential a Cu2O or a Cu2O/CuO, Cu(OH)2 layer is present. The structure and composition of the film has been examined by different methods like X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ISS) and in situ Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS). The thickness and growth of the passive layer has been determined by its electrochemical reduction i. e. the charges of potentiodynamic reduction peaks or the evaluation of the corresponding galvanostatic steps. The results support a high field mechanism for the oxide formation with an inverse logarithmic rate law and a linear increase of the oxide thickness with the electrode potential. The capacity of a Cu2O-layer refers to the characteristics of a thin semiconducting film. Studies with a rotating Pt split ring Cu disc electrode permit the subdivision of the current density into a part of layer formation and corrosion. The efficiency for the corrosion part is very small during the beginning of oxide formation and achieves ν = 90% after some few minutes. In the potential range of Cu2O formation only ν = 50% is achieved.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19840351104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemische und elektrochemische Reaktionen von Eisensulfid und Mangansulfid in sauren und neutralen Lösungen (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical and electrochemical reactions of iron sulfide and manganese sulfide in acid and neutral solutionsThe reactions which occur upon corrosion of massive iron sulfide and manganese specimens in perchloric acid and in neutral sodium chloride solution were elucidated by measurements of current-potential curves and by coulometric and analytical investigations on the processes. In acids the sulfides are dissolved by prevailing chemical reaction under evolution of H2S. Upon applying anodic overpotentials electrochemical reactions occur simultaneously, however, with such low velocity that the contribution to corrosion of the sulfides is insignificant. Upon applying cathodic overpotentials some hydrogen discharge is observed on iron sulfide but not on manganese sulfide.In 3% sodium chloride solution both sulfides corrode very slowly upon anodic polarization, forming elementary sulfur according to MeS = Me2+ + S + 2e- (Me = Fe or Mn). At high anodic potentials additional oxidation reactions occur in which three-valent iron and tetravalent manganese ions as well as sulfite and sulfate ions are formed.Iron sulfide and manganese sulfide inclusions can he isolated from steels only by electrochemical dissolution in neutral or weakly basic electrolytes, the potential during electrolysis must not be more positive than the corrosion potential of the sulfides.
    Notes: Durch Messen von Stromdichte-Potentialkurven und coulometrisch-analytische Untersuchungen wurden die Korrosionsreaktionen kompakter Eisensulfid- und Mangansulfidproben in Perchlorsäure, und in neutraler Natriumchlöridlösung aufgeklärt. In Säuren lösen sich beide Sulfide weitgehend chemisch unter H2S-Entwicklung. Daneben laufen bei anodischer Überspannung elektrochemische Reaktionen mit so geringer Geschwindigkeit ab, daß sie nur einen unbedeutenden Beitrag zur Korrosion des Eisensulfids und Mangansulfids liefern. Kathodisch werden am Eisensulfid Wasserstoffionen entladen. Diese Reaktion ist am Mangansulfid praktisch nicht feststellbar.In dreiprozentiger Natriumchlöridlosung korrodieren die beiden Sulfide bei anodischer Überspannung elektrochemisch sehr langsam unter Bildung elementaren Schwefels nach MeS = Me 2+ + S + 2e-(Me = Fe oder Mn). Im Bereich hoher anodischer Polarisation treten zusätzliche Oxydationsreaktionen auf, durch die dreiwertiges Eisen bzw. vierwertiges Mangan sowie Sulfit- und Sulfationen entstehen. Eisensulfid und Mangansulfid können aus Stahlen nur durch elektrochemisches Lösen der Stahlmatrix in neutralen oder schwach basischen Lösungen isoliert werden. Außerdem soll das Elektrolysepotential nicht positiver als das Ruhepotential dieser Sulfide sein.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320605
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