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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (39)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (23)
  • 1980-1984  (62)
  • 1
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    Trapped-proton energy spectrum determination (M0002-1) (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The objective of this experiment is to measure the flux and energy spectrum of protons with energies of 1 to MeV. These protons are trapped on the Earth's magnetic field lines as part of the inner radiation belt, or Van Allen zone. The proton will be encountered predominantly in the South Atlantic anomaly at a 90 deg pitch angle.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 109-112
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  • 2
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    Sigma/deg/ signature of the Amazon rain forest obtained from the Seasat scatterometer (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Scatterometer data from Seasat of the Amazon rain forest were examined to determine if the region is suitable to use as a reference for calibration of radars. The consistency of Skylab data viewing the Amazon region prompted the analyses, and the Seasat-A scatterometer system (SASS) gathered data of the same region at varying angles. The instrument employed a 100 W 14.6 GHz signal with the reflected power sampled 61 times during each 1.89 sec measurement period. Doppler filters were used in 15 parallel channels of reception, and represented areas 20 km by 50-70 km. Tests were made of regional and temporal stability of the Amazon area, with five measurement angles averaged at different incidence angles to find the mean deviation, which was found to be less than 0.5 dB. Diurnal effects were confined to early morning, and further tests are recommended to obtain results for an entire year, to develop screening methods for thick clouds and rain, and to determine the deviation more precisely.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing; GE-20; Jan. 198
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  • 3
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    Vegetable crop management with remote sensing (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Repetitive aerial photography with color infrared (ACIR) and black-and-white infrared (B and WIR) films was taken of potato and tomato fields in southwest Florida during the spring season of 1975. Color differences observed in the photographs revealed different levels of soil moisture in the fields, improper ditch arrangements, poor stands of plants, and areas where late blight (Phytophthora infestans) (Mont.)d.By and early blight (Alternaria solani) (Ell. and Mart.) Jones and Grout. were defoliating potato plants. Photographs of fields before planting also indicated areas where excessive rock formations existed which would make field preparation costly. Preplanting photographs also pinpointed areas with different water table levels.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 47; Apr. 198
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  • 4
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    Geometric verification (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Present LANDSAT data formats are reviewed to clarify how the geodetic location and registration capabilities were defined for P-tape products and RBV data. Since there is only one geometric model used in the master data processor, geometric location accuracy of P-tape products depends on the absolute accuracy of the model and registration accuracy is determined by the stability of the model. Due primarily to inaccuracies in data provided by the LANDSAT attitude management system, desired accuracies are obtained only by using ground control points and a correlation process. The verification of system performance with regards to geodetic location requires the capability to determine pixel positions of map points in a P-tape array. Verification of registration performance requires the capability to determine pixel positions of common points (not necessarily map points) in 2 or more P-tape arrays for a given world reference system scene. Techniques for registration verification can be more varied and automated since map data are not required. The verification of LACIE extractions is used as an example.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL Proc. of the NASA Workshop on Registration and Rectification; p 387-391
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  • 5
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    Cosmic rays and the emission line regions of active galactic nuclei (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects that the synchrotron emitting relativistic electrons could have on the emission line regions which characterize active nuclei are discussed. Detailed models of both the inner, dense, broad line region and the outer, lower density, narrow line region are presented, together with the first models of the optically emitting gas often found within extended radio lobes. If the relativistic gas which produces the synchrotron radio emission is mixed with the emission line region gas then significant changes in the emission line spectrum will result. The effects of the synchrotron emitting electrons on filaments in the Crab Nebula are discussed in an appendix, along with a comparison between the experimental calculations, which employ the mean escape probability formalism, and recent Hubbard and Puetter models.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-86110 , NAS 1.15:86110
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  • 6
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    Off-nadir antenna bias correction using Amazon rain forest sigma deg data (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The radar response from the Amazon rain forest was studied to determine the suitability of this region for use as a standard target to calibrate a scatterometer like that proposed for the National Ocean Satellite System (NOSS). Backscattering observations made by the SEASAT-1 scatterometer system show the Amazon rain forest to be a homogeneous, azimuthally-isotropic, radar target which is insensitive to polarization. The variation with angle of incidence may be adequately modeled as sigma deg (dB) = alpha theta + beta with typical values for the incidence-angle coefficient from 0.07 dB deg to 0.15 dB/deg. A small diurnal effect occurs, with measurements at sunrise being 0.5 dB to 1 dB higher than the rest of the day. Maximum likelihood estimation algorithms are presented which permit determination of relative bias and true pointing angle for each beam. Specific implementation of these algorithms for the proposed NOSS scatterometer system is also discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10158 , NASA-TM-85217 , NAS 1.15:85217 , RSL-TR-343-6
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  • 7
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    Nd and Sr isotopic study of volcanic rocks from Japan (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 52; 2, Fe; Feb. 198
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  • 8
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    Improving streamflow estimates through the use of LANDSAT (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Estimates of low flow and flood frequency in several southwestern Wisconsin basins were improved by determining land cover from LANDSAT imagery. With the use of estimates of land cover in multiple-regression techniques, the standard error of estimate (SE) for the least annual 7-day low flow for 2- and 10-year recurrence intervals of ungaged sites were lowered by 9% each. The SE of flood frequency in the 'Driftless Area' of Wisconsin for 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals were lowered by 14%. Four of nine basin characteristics determined from satellite imagery were significant variables in the multiple-regression techniques, whereas only 1 of the 12 characteristics determined from topographic maps was significant. The percentages of land cover categories in each basin were determined by merging basin boundaries, digitized from quadrangles, with a classified LANDSAT scene. Both the basin boundary X-Y polygon coordinates and the satellite coordinates were converted to latitude-longitude for merging compatibility.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E81-10129 , NASA-CR-164119
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  • 9
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    The reduction, verification and interpretation of Magsat magnetic data over Canada (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The primary concern of this investigation is to detect and study variations in the magnetic field originating in the solid Earth, as measured by Magsat. Most of this field originates in the core, but an important part of the field is of lithospheric origin. Magnetic anomalies of lithospheric origin are weak at Magsat altitudes (20 to 30 nT at most), and they can easily be masked by much larger effects caused by field aligned and other currents at high latitudes. Most of Canada lies under the influence of ionospheric currents in the auroral zone and polar cap. Therefore, before Magsat data had become available, but after the October 30, 1979 launch, criteria were developed for selecting times when subsets of potentially usable Magsat data could be expected. Subsequently, as Magsat data became available, these critieria were applied.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E81-10086 , NASA-CR-163786
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  • 10
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    The reduction, verification and interpretation of MAGSAT magnetic data over Canada (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Analysis of Investigator B tapes was extended to use a statistical screening of individual data points in each grid cell over the map area. The mean value of data from each cell was computed and all data values more than 4nT from the mean were rejected. The revised mean and standard deviation was computed. The average standard deviation for all map grid cells was 1.4nT for the scalar anomaly map and about 2nT for the vector component anomaly maps. At this stage, the grid cell is larger and spatial resolution lower for the vector maps than for the scalar maps, because the vector components are considerably more disturbed and more data points were rejected. An approach for altitude adjustment is in progress so that corrections can be made and data reduction procede. To evaluate the use of scalar and vector MAGSAT data for the production of regional magnetic charts, charts of the north, east, vertical, and scalar field derived from MAGSAT and from Canadian aeromagnetic data were compared. It appears possible to retrieve crustal signals from the horizontal vector components despite external disturbance fields at high latitude.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10301 , NASA-CR-168876 , NAS 1.26:168876 , PR-4
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