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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of viroids (1983)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 9 (1983), S. 145-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Viroids ; Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Hydrodynamics ; Function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Viroids are an independent class of plant pathogens which are distinguished from viruses by the absence of a protein coat and by their unusually small size. They are single-stranded circular RNAs composed of about 360 nucleotide residues. Sequence analysis and physicochemical studies of the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) have shown that, as a result of intra-molecular base pairing, viroids form a unique rod-like secondary structure which is characterized by a serial arrangement of double-helical sections and internal loops. There is no indication for an additional tertiary structure because all parts of the molecule are freely accessible to ligand interaction. During the denaturation all of the native base pairs of viroids are dissociated in one highly cooperative transition, and in the same process very stable hairpins which are not present in the native structure are newly formed. Most of the properties of the structure and structural transitions of PSTV have been found also in citrus exocortis viroid, chrysanthemum stunt viroid and four different viroid-like RNAs associated with the cadang-cadang disease. The close similarity between these viroids is more expressed in the overall structure and in thermodynamic and functional domains than in the primary sequence. The stiffness of all viroids can be described by an unique persistence length of 300 å. Characteristically, regions of premelting, regions of stable hairpins, and the sequence UACUACCCGGUGG which is opposite to one of the stable hairpins, are the most conservative sequences in the molecules. Current hypotheses about the function of viroids are discussed on the basis of their structural and thermodynamic features. The suggestion that viroid RNA has features similar to DNA has been supported by the finding that they are replicated in vitro by the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II of the host plant. The highly conserved sequence in viroids mentioned above corresponds very closely to a segment at the 5′-end of the small nuclear RNA U1 of eukaryotes. Because this segment is discussed in recent models, to be involved in the splicing process, a hypothesis is proposed in which viroids interfere with the splicing process leading to a pathogenic misregulation of mRNA processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00537813
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 909-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; biological control ; kairomone ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; host density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trichogramma pretiosum Riley females exhibit success-motivated searching after oviposition. The stimulatory effect of contact with host eggs makes host-egg density an important factor in determining the appropriate strategy for behavioral manipulation, using kairomones, that simulate host seeking, in biological control programs. Host eggs can be used, in conjunction with kairomones or by themselves, to improve the performance of these important beneficial insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987616
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 673-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; kairomone ; Heliothis zea ; biological control ; pest management ; parasitoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A kairomone from adultHeliothis zea (Boddie) scales is an important factor in the host selection process ofTrichogrammapretiosum Riley. If the host density is sufficiently high (i.e., 1 egg/500 cm2) and higher), a complete coverage or solid treatment of kairomone spray may be the optimum for increasing parasitization rates, but this is not the case at lower host densities (e.g., 1 egg/2000 cm2). At the lower densities, the kairomone must be distributed in such a way as to retain the parasitoids in the target area without inhibiting their movement from one ovi-position site to the next. Simulated moth scale particles appear to fill this need since their density can be regulated to provide the optimum frequency of parasitoid stimulation and thus maximum rates of parasitization at prevailing host densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986552
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über den Bau einiger Heteropolysäuren (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 17 (1934), S. 1076-1080 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.193401701135
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrazentrifugale Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen an synthetischen hochpolymeren Stoffen. 91. Mitteilung über hochpolymere Verbindungen (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 17 (1934), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19340170139
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrazentrifugale Polydispersitätsbestimmungen an hochpolymeren Stoffen. 95. Mitteilung über hochpolymere Verbindungen (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 17 (1934), S. 726-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19340170188
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. 39. Methandiphosphonsäureester durch UV-induzierte Michaelis-Becker-ReaktionHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Alfred Rieche zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 537-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Substituted Phosphonates. 39. Methane-diphosphonic Esters by U.V.-Induced Michaelis-Becker-ReactionDibromomethane resp. chlorbromomethane reacts with sodium dialkyl phosphite in heptane-/liq.NH3 or in liq. NH3 by u.v. irradiation at low temperatures to give in good yields methane diphosphonic acid tetraalkylesters 1. In the same manner with sodium diethyl thionophosphite the corresponding methane-bis-thiophosphonic acid tetraethylester 4 is obtained.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19823240406
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. 40. 1-Trimethylammonium-1-diethylphosphono-1-cyanomethylid, ein stabiles N-YlidHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Alfred Rieche zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 545-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Substituted Phosphonates. 40. 1-Trimethylammonium-1-diethylphosphono-1-cyanomethylid, a Stable N-YlidDiethyl-1-dimethylamino-1-cyanomethanephosphonate 4 can be alkylated on nitrogen to the quarternary ammoniumsalts 5, which by C-deprotonation gives the stable N-ylid 8. The N-ylid 8 behaves inert against carbonyl compounds and acylating agents, but can be C-alkylated and  -  involving an ester-dealkylation  -  C-chlorinated.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19823240407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. XXXI. Zur Reaktion von N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylchlorformamidiniumchlorid mit P-III-Verbindungen (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 320 (1978), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Substituted Phosphonates. XXXI. The Reaction of N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl Chloroformamidinium Chloride with P(III) CompoundsN,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl chloroformamidiniumchloride (4) does not react with triethyl phosphite (TEP) or isopropyl diphenylphosphinate to give the expected bisphosphoryl derivatives 7 and 11, respectively, but primarily the monophosphorylated amidinium salts 6 and 10 respectively. The phosphine oxide 10 is stable, while 6 undergoes an elimination of ethyl chloride to the betain 8. Even under more drastic conditions the reaction of 4 or 8 with TEP does not lead to the expected bis(dimethylamino)bisphosphonate 7, but to the monoaminated bisphosphonate 1, involving a reduction step. Similar reduction has been observed under mild conditions in Michaelis-Arbusov reaction of dichloromethylenimonium chloride, yielding the expected trisphosphonate 2 and the bisphosphonate 1 as a by-product.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19783200305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Struktur des „Trichlor-diphenoxyphosphorans“Herrn Professor Helmuth Seeboth zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 904-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Structure of “;Trichloro-diphenoxyphosphorane”The structure of ‘Trichloro-diphenoxyphosphorane’ synthesized by well-known and new methods is not a pentacoordinated phosphorus compound, but has the structure of tetraphen-oxyphosphonium hexachlorophosphate 4.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270606
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