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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (13)
  • 1980-1984  (13)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of fermentation processes using flow microfluorometry: Amylase and protease activities in Bacillis subtilis batch cultures (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1657-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flow microfluorometry, which provides detailed information on the state of a microbial population, has been employed to characterize the Bacillus subtilis population during time intervals in which significant changes in the culture amylase activity occur. Four different batch experiments have been conducted, and the influences of inoculum age, fermentation temperature, and aeration rate on microbial population dynamics and amylase activity have been examined. Relatively high rates of amylase activity increase are observed twice during the batch, first as double cells initiate sporulation and later during germination. Rapid decreases in amylase activity are observed in highly (25-50%) sporulated populations, and in at least one experiment, during a transition from large, rounded protoplast forms to normal rod morphology. Amylase and protease activities do not follow parallel nor proportional trajectories in these 72 hr batch fermentations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220809
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid stability in budding yeast populations: Steady-state growth with selection pressure (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 528-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Plasmid gene product accumulation in a cell population depends on the fraction of plasmid-containing cells and the distribution of single-cell plasmid content. These important population properties have been related to plasmid replication regulation and kinetics and to plasmid segregation rules at the single-cell level using population balance mathematical models. Budding yeast populations are considered in detail because of the practical potential of yeast host-vector systems and because of the model complications introduced by the asymmetric division pattern observed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae at all but the largest growth rates. Solutions are presented for several different reasonable models of plasmid replication and segregation. The results offer potential for identification of important qualitative features of yeast plasmid replication and of model parameter values from average and segregated experimental data on yeast populations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260519
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid stability in budding yeast populations: Dynamics following a shift to nonselective medium (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 814-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260732
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetically structured models forlac promoter-operator function in the Escherichia coli chromosome and in multicopy plasmids: Lac operator function (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1372-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model based on known molecular interactions has been formulated to describe quantitatively regulation of expression of the lactose (lac) operon in the Escherichia coli chromosome and in multicopy plasmids. This model is genetically structured such that a nucleotide sequence change affecting transcription initiation at the lac promoter-operator influences one or very few directly corresponding model parameters. The model simulates chromosomal lac operon function in good agreement with previous experimental measurements for many lacl and lacO mutant systems as well as for diploid cells which carry F'lac episomes. Simulation results clearly show the loss of cloned lac operator regulation as the plasmid copy number increases, in agreement with experimental trends. The importance of this class of models in designing DNAs, organisms, and reactors for precise regulation of cloned gene expression is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260261115
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-function relationships in immobilized chymotrypsin catalysis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1027-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Specific activities and the amounts of active immobilized enzyme were determined for several different preparations of α-chymotrypsin immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of free and immobilized enzyme with a spin label coupled to the active site was used to probe the effects of different immobilization conditions on the immobilized enzyme active site configuration. Specific activity of active enzyme decreased and rotational correlation time of the spin label increased with increasing immobilized enzyme loading. Enzyme immobilized using an intermediate six-carbon spacer arm exhibited greater specific activity and spin label mobility than directly coupled enzyme. The observed activity changes due to immobilization were completely consistent with corresponding active site structure alterations revealed by EPR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase in activated carbon: Effects of particle size and immobilization conditions on enzyme activity and effectiveness (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1923-1935 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glucoamylase and glucose oxidase have been immobilized on carbodiimide-treated activated carbon particles of various sizes. Loading data indicate nonuniform distribution of immobilized enzyme within the porous support particles. Catalysts with different enzyme loading and overall activities have been prepared by varying enzyme concentration in the immobilizing solution. Analysis of these results by a new method based entirely upon experimentally observable catalyst properties indicates that intrinsic catalytic activity is reduced by immobilization of both enzymes. Immobilized glucoamylase intrinsic activity decreases with increasing enzyme loading, and similar behavior is suggested by immobilized glucose oxidase data analysis. The overall activity data interpretation method should prove useful in other immobilized enzyme characterization research, especially in situations where the intraparticle distribution of immobilized enzyme is nonuniform and unknown.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250803
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements and models of synchronous growth of fission yeast induced by temperature oscillations (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 217-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pulsing of temperature in a fermentor at intervals coincident with cell generation time was used to induce synchrony in a population of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Measurements of culture protein, RNA, and DNA during synchronous growth confirm continuous synthesis of protein and RNA and discontinuos synthesis of DNA as previously reported. Flow microfluorometry of populations at different times during the synchrony cycle was used to monitor the changes in single-cell protein. RNA, and DNA frequency functions. These measurements illustrate very clearly the degree of synchrony and patterns of macromolecular synthesis and also confirm previous estimates of the cellular protein contents characteristic of dividing cells. Additional insights into single-cell kinetics and division controls are provided by two-parameter flow microfluorometry measurements and by mathematical modeling of population dynamics. Such data are necessary foundations for robust population balance models of microbial processes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240118
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetically structured models for lac promoter-operator function in the chromosome and in multicopy plasmids: Lac promoter function (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1383-1389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model based on molecular mechanisms for regulation of the lactose (lac) operon in Escherichia coli has been extended and applied to investigate the lac promoter function in the chromosome and in multicopy plasmids. The model simulates the influence of certain host cell mutations and also mutations in the lac promoter sequence in the chromosome in reasonable agreement with previous experimental measurements. The effect of the plasmid copy number and the cloning vector size on the promoter function of a cloned lac regulatory sequence in multicopy plasmids has also been examined. Model results indicate that the efficiency of the cloned lac promoter function is significantly decreased as the number of promoters per cloning vector and size of the vector are increased. The simulation results predict a maximum in the cloned gene transcription rate with respect to the plasmid copy number.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260261116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling enzyme immobilization in porous solid supports (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1527-1546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzymes are often immobilized on the internal surfaces of porous solid by immersing enzyme-free particles in a well mixed solution of enzyme. The ensuing impregnation process involves coupled transient mass transfer and surface attachment of enzyme. A mathematical model is employed to explore the influences of process parameters on the amount of enzyme loaded and the distribution of immobilized enzyme within the support particles. Nonuniform loading of the support occurs under some conditions. This is significant since the distribution of enzyme within the support particle influences the overall activity and stability of the immobilized enzyme catalyst. The model developed here may also be used to describe removal of reversibly immobilized enzyme during washing or utilization of the immobilized enzyme catalyst.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240707
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous cultivation of fission yeast: Classical and flow microfluorometry observations (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2217-2229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was grown in glucose-limited medium in a steady-state continuous flow reactor. Changes in mean cell protein and RNA contents with growth rate are consistent with earlier observations under different conditions. Flow microfluorometry measurements of the frequency functions of DNA at different dilution rates show changes in coordination of DNA synthesis and cell separation. Shifting from batch growth to small dilution rates results in unusual cell aggregation which leads to multiple steady states at identical operating conditions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231006
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