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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (38)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (7)
  • SOLAR PHYSICS  (7)
  • Astrophysics
  • General Chemistry
  • 1980-1984  (52)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear flow rheological properties, fiber damage, and mastication characteristics of aramid-, glass-, and cellulose-fiber-reinforced polystyrene melts (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1217-1244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study of the viscosity and principal normal stress difference of a polystyrene melt filled with aramid (Kevlar), glass, and cellulose fibers is reported. The influence of loading level and mastication on the rheological properties is discussed. The effects of mixing and mastication on fiber damage are considered. Glass fibers break down rapidly to very small aspect ratios, while aramid shows a “kinked” structure, with kinks occurring every 100 μm. A mechanism is proposed for fiber breakage based on buckling during rotation in shear flow. It is found that addition of fibers increases the viscosity in the same manner as a reduction in temperature, and data may be superposed by reduced plotting. This indicates that the viscosity increase is due solely to enhanced viscous dissipation in the matrix and not to interparticle forces as is the case with smaller particles. The principal normal stress difference increases at fixed shear stress with fiber loading. The extent of increase depends upon fiber loading, aspect ratio, and modulus.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250623
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of polymerization conditions, structural variables, and mechanical properties of rubber-modified plastics produced from bulk polymerized styrene/poly(butadiene-co-styrene) (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1395-1407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rubber-modified polystyrenes were prepared by bulk polymerization with seven different butadiene-styrene copolymers of differing chemical microstructures. The products were structurally characterized through measurement of the swell ratio, percent insolubles, intrinsic viscosity of the soluble fraction, and transmission electron microscope photomicrographs. Increasing initiator concentration or raising polymerization temperature gives lower molecular weight, higher rubber crosslink density, and decreased grafting. Increasing rubber content generally leads to aggregation. Tensile stress-strain curves and Izod impact strengths were measured. High Izod impact strength and increased elongation to break are favored by increasing matrix molecular weight, rubber content, and extent of grafting.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270428
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation development in the tubular film extrusion of polypropylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2663-2674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A basic study of orientation development in the tubular film extrusion of polypropylene is reported. WAXS and birefringence measurements were carried out on films prepared under conditions of known blowup ratio B, drawdown νL/νO, machine direction tension, and bubble pressure. Pole figures were constructed and biaxial orientation factors determined. The use of an orientation factor triangle diagram was found to be a useful method of representing the variation of orientation with processing conditions. The variation in orientation with processing parameters for polypropylene was found to have similar behavior to that previously found for polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270733
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological and solid wall boundary condition characterization of unvulcanized elastomers and their compounds (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3171-3184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An extensive fundamental investigation of the rheological properties and solid wall boundary condition shear stress of elastomers and elastomer-carbon black compounds has been carried out. The elastomers were an emulsion butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBR 1500) and a polybutadiene. Shear flow rheological properties were measured using a newly designed sandwich rheometer, in both constant shear rate and creep modes as well as in a capillary rheometer. A constant elongation rate rheometer for elastomers was developed. Stress relaxation measurements were also carried out in the sandwich rheometer. The shear viscosity of the gum elastomers exhibits a constant very high shear zero viscosity (8 × 108 Pa.s for SBR 1500 at 100°C) and decreases with increasing shear rate. The compounds exhibit yield values of similar magnitude to carbon black compounds of molten plastics. Only the SBR 1500 and its compounds were studied in the elongational flow mode. It was not possible to achieve a steady state in these experiments. An apparatus for measurement of shear stress as a function of velocity (shear rate) at a specified pressure was developed. The instrument, which we call a friction tester, was used not only to determine wall shear stress but to investigate the regime of flow and potentially determine conditions for the onset of slip. Evidence of changing flow regimes were found, and the implications discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270837
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of thermooxidative aging on the fatigue behavior of a structural adhesiveCorrected proofs received September 19, 1984 (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 3499-3511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of autoxidation of FM-73U, a rubber-modified epoxy adhesive, were investigated by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Absorbance spectra for thin samples aged in hot, moist, oxygen-rich environments were used to assess a plausible reaction mechanism; rate constants, Arrhenius plots, and oxidation rates were determined. Concurrently, crack growth rates were measured on specimens which had been exposed to similar environments for periods of up to 8 months. Paris parameters measured in these tests were correlated with the results of the oxidation studies. These correlations were used to predict the crack growth rate of the adhesive after 10 years of aging in ambient conditions. Although the prediction indicates that the adhesive becomes more brittle with age, the changes are not severe.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070291125
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the precipitation of proteins by polymers: The hemoglobin - polyethylene glycol system (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2761-2779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of MW 6000 to solutions of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobins results in an increase in the thermodynamic activity of these proteins. This in turn results, when PEG concentration is high enough, in phase separation into two phases; a protein-rich, PEG-poor phase and a PEG-rich, protein-poor phase. With increasing PEG concentration, the protein-rich amorphous phase becomes metastable and is converted into a well-defined crystalline or polymer phase. The logarithm of protein solubility is a linear function of PEG content up to a protein concentration of 150 g/L because the expression for the activity coefficient can, up to this concentration range, be approximated by a logarithmic function. Curvature appears at higher protein concentrations. Activities obtained by extrapolation from linear portions of the function, showing an unchanged, well-defined crystalline state, yield an activity coefficient for the saturated PEG-free protein solution in agreement with the appropriate values obtained from hard-sphere calculations of excluded volume [Ross, P. D. & Minton, A. P. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 112, 437-452]. Solutions containing two hemoglobin species showed cocrystallization of the hemoglobins with a triple point where two crystal forms can be shown to coexist.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental analysis of the dynamics, mass transfer, and coagulation in wet spinning of fibers (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3157-3170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: New models are developed to analyze the wet spinning process. These involve a formulation of simultaneous overall mass, force, and solvent mass transfer balances. In the first-order model, internal concentration gradients and mass transfer resistance within the fiber are neglected. It is equivalent to the Kase-Matsuo melt spinning model. In the second-order model, concentration gradients and diffusion within the fiber are included. Comparison is made with an experimental study of wet spinning nylon-66 fibers. The first-order model seriously underpredicts final fiber diameter under conditions of specified spinline tension and spinning efflux. The second-order model gives better agreement between theory and experiment.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260928
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wet spinning of liquid crystalline solutions of cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose triacetate (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3955-3961 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261142
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxypropylcellulose, a thermotropic liquid crystal: Characteristics and structure development in continuous extrusion and melt spinning (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 2165-2180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hot-stage polarized light microscopy suggests that bulk hydroxypropylcellulose (Hercules Klucel E) is a cholesteric liquid crystal. Rheological measurements indicate this system exhibits shear viscosities similar to those of polyolefin melts except that it has a yield value comparable to suspensions. Birefringent characteristics were observed in shear flow between glass slides. No relaxation of birefringence is observed following flow. Extruded filaments (without applied take-up tensions) show high levels of birefringence and significant orientations from WAXS measurements. These have skin-core structure with highly oriented outer layers which are caused by the flow patterns in the reservior and die preceding the extrudate. In the case of melt-spun filaments, where tensile elongation occurs, a highly oriented structure of uniform cross section is found.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260705
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of diaminoalkanes with bismaleimides: Synthesis of some unusual polyimidesPresented in part at the Michigan Molecular Institute 10th Anniversary Polymer Symposium, 14th Central Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Midland, Michigan, June 1982. (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 891-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Michael additions of the secondary diamines N,N′-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (14) or piperazine to the electrophilic carbon-carbon double bonds of N,N′-bismaleimido-4,4′-diphenylmethane (2) or N,N′-bismaleimido-1,8-octane (4) afford four unusual, high-molecular-weight (ηinh = 0.49-2.16 dL/g) polyimides (10-13). The most interesting of these, polymer 12 (the product of 4 and 14), is a tough elastomeric resin with a glass transition temperature (Tg) near 0°C; in contrast, 10, 11, and 13 exhibit Tg 〉86°C. Freshly prepared 12 is soluble and thermoplastic (12 is readily compression molded at 110°C), but the bulk polymer crosslinks slowly under ambient laboratory conditions and eventually (48 days) becomes insoluble, while 10, 11, and 13 remain soluble indefinitely. Along with further comparisons of the properties of 10-13, details of the synthesis and characterization of these new polyimides are described. Also discussed are reactions of bismaleimide 2 with 1,6-diaminohexane, which unlike the formation of linear 10-13, generate crosslinked, insoluble products.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290317
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