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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (5)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5)
  • elongation  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
Collection
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2815-2824 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Stereoelectronic Requirements of 1,2-Rearrangements of Vinyl CationsThe triflates 8, 9, 12, 17, 19, and 23 have been synthesized to investigate their solvolysis products in absol. 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) (Table 1). The kinetics of the solvolysis in 50% ethanol have been measured as well. The rate constants give a straight correlation line when we apply an approximate Taft's equation, from which we deduce that the solvolyses take place by a kc mechanism; one exception is 12, as it reacts with S-O bond cleavage. We also deduce that the value of ρ* does not depend on steric factors. Relations between structure and rearrangement of vinyl cations are discussed. Mechanisms for the formation of reaction products are proposed.
    Notes: Die Triflate 8, 9, 12, 17, 19 und 23 wurden synthetisiert, um die Produkte ihrer Solvolyse in absol. 2,2,2-Trifluorethanol (TFE) zu untersuchen (Tab. 1). Auch die Kinetik der Solvolysen in 50proz. Ethanol wurde bestimmt (Tab. 2). Die Solvolysegeschwindigkeiten ergeben eine Korrelationsgerade bei einer vereinfachten Taftschen Darstellung, woraus abgeleitet wird, daß die Solvolysen nach einem kc-Mechanismus erfolgen; eine Ausnahme ist 12, das durch S-O-Spaltung solvolysiert. Wir schließen daraus, daß ρ* von sterischen Effekten unabhängig ist. Es werden Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Umlagerung bei Vinylkationen diskutiert und Mechanismen für die Bildung der Reaktionsprodukte vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 44-45 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Immobilized polyethyleneglycol (Carbowax 20M) phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 2 (1984), S. 197-208 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Cowpea ; elongation ; epicotyl ; gibberellins ; Vigna sinensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The physiological characteristics of the response of excised cowpea (Vigna sinensis cv Blackeye pea No. 5) epicotyls to gibberellins (GAs) were studied. Epicotyl explants, retaining the petioles and a 2-cm portion of hypocotyl, were placed upright in small vials containing water. Plant growth substances were injected into the subapical tissues as ethanol solutions. Epicotyl elongation resulting from treatment with 0.5 μg of GA ranged between 5 and 13 times that of the control, depending on the GA applied. With GA1, no differences were obtained with explants prepared from 5 to 9-day-old seedlings. The increase in elongation could be detected within 6 h of treatment, and the stimulus of a single application lasted at least 4 days. Final elongation was proportional to the logarithm of the amount of GA, applied, 0.01 to lug. The response to GA treatment was limited to the upper part, the most sensitive zone being located between 2 to 4 mm below the apex of the epicotyl; this effect was entirely due to cell elongation. The induction of epicotyl elongation by GAs seems to be specific and independent of the effect of auxin. IAA had no effect on elongation and 4-chloro-phenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) did not affect the response to GA1
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 2 (1984), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Auxin ; cowpea ; elongation ; ethylene ; gibberellin ; Vigna sinensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of gibberellin A1 (GA1) on production of ethylene by cowpea (Vigna sinensis cv Blackeye pea no. 5) epicotyl explants and its relationship to epicotyl elongation was investigated. The explants were placed upright in water and incubated in sealed culture tubes or in large jars. GA, and IAA in ethanol solution were injected into the subapical tissues of the decapitated epicotyls. Cowpea epicotyl explants elongated after GA but not after IAA treatment, and they were very sensitive to exogenous ethylene. As little as 0.14 μ1/1 ethylene reduced significantly GA1-induced epicotyl elongation. Treatment with GA1 induced the production of ethylene which began 10 h after GA application, showed a peak at about 22 h and then declined. The yield of ethylene was proportional to the amount of GA, injected. The inhibition of epicotyl elongation in closed tubes was avoided by absorbing ethylene released with Hg(Cl04)2 , or by adding AVG to the incubation solution to inhibit ethylene production. Treatment with IAA elicited a rapid production of ethylene which ceased about 10 h after application. The effects of IAA and GA1 on ethylene production were additive.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 982-989 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Selectivity of the Reaction of Carbocations with NucleophilesThe problem of the selectivity of the nucleophilic attack on carbocations according to the HSAB-principle is discussed in relation to the solvolysis in ether of 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-norbornane (2) and 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornene (4) in presence of dimethyl-magnesium, magnesium iodide and methylmagnesium iodide. The nucleophiles and carbocations are arranged according to the hard-soft-scale, so our results can be explained.
    Notes: Das Problem der Selektivität beim nucleophilen Angriff an Carbokationen wird im Rahmen des HSAB-Prinzips am Beispiel der Solvolysen in Ether von 7,7-Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)norbornan (2) und 7,7-Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornen (4) in Anwesenheit von Dimethylmagnesium, Magnesiumiodid und Methylmagnesiumiodid erörtert. Die Nucleophile und die als Zwischenstufen auftretenden Carbokationen werden auf der Hart-weich-Skala eingeordnet, wobei die Ergebnisse erklärt werden können.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3518-3520 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unusual Reactivity of Strained Bridgehead DerivativesThe solvolysis of 7,7-dimethyl-1, exo-2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (5) in Et2O/I2Mg and 80% MeOH proceeds with formation of substituted 2-norbornyl cations, yielding 1, exo-2-diiodo-7,7-dimethylnorbornane (9) and camphenilone (13), respectively. When the vic-diiodide 9 is treated with LiAlH4/C6H6 partial epimerization to 1,endo-2-diiodo-7,7-dimethylnorbornane (12) is observed without reduction; this result is probably due to steric hindrance of the reactants.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 772-782 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vinyl Cations, 36. Solvolysis of Cycloalkylidenemethyl and 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl TriflatesCyclohexlidenemethyl triflate (2), cyclobutylidenemethyl triflate (5), 1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflate (7), bicyclo [3.1.0]hex-2-en-2-yl triflate (9), 1-cyclobutylideneethyl triflate (19), and 2-methyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflate (29) were solvolyzed in solvents of various ionizing power and nucleophilicity and the solvolysis products were identified. The cyclobutylidenealkyl triflates solvolyze via a vinyl cation mechanism involving ion pairs with rearrangement to cyclopentene and cyclopentanone compounds. The 1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflates do not produce vinyl cation intermediates but give only the corresponding ketones via an O—S bond cleavage of the triflate group.
    Notes: Cyclohexylidenmethyl-triflat (2), Cyclobutylidenmethyl-triflat (5), 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl-triflat (7), Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-en-2-yl-triflat (9), 1-Cyclobutylidenethyl-triflat (19) und 2-Methyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl-triflat (29) wurden in Lösungsmitteln verschiedener Ionisierungsstärke und Nucleophilie solvolysiert und die Solvolyseprodukte aufgeklärt. Die Cyclobutylidenalkyl-triflate solvolysieren über Ionenpaarmechanismen (Vinylkationen) unter Umlagerung zu Cyclopenten- und Cyclopentanon-Derivaten. Die 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl-triflate reagieren nicht über Vinylkationen als Zwischenstufe, sondern unter O—S-Spaltung zu den entsprechenden Ketonen.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 815-818 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steric Control in the Reaction of Substituted 2-Norbornyl CationsThe reaction of camphenilone (1b) with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2O) yields 7,7-dimethyl-1,exo-2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (4b) (60%). 6,6-Dimethyl-2-norbornanone (1c) affords under the same conditions 6,6-dimethyl-2-norbornen-2-yl triflate (5c) (70%). The reaction pathways of the intermediate 2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornyl cations are mostly controlled by steric factors, the inductive effect playing no significant role.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 528-530 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Two-phase derivatization technique ; Yeast ; Splitless injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 19 (1984), S. 206-206 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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