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  • 1
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    Trapped-proton energy spectrum determination (M0002-1) (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The objective of this experiment is to measure the flux and energy spectrum of protons with energies of 1 to MeV. These protons are trapped on the Earth's magnetic field lines as part of the inner radiation belt, or Van Allen zone. The proton will be encountered predominantly in the South Atlantic anomaly at a 90 deg pitch angle.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 109-112
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  • 2
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    Testing for a cosmological influence on local physics using atomic and gravitational clocks (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The existence of a possible influence of the large-scale structure of the universe on local physics is discussed. A particular realization of such an influence is discussed in terms of the behavior in time of atomic and gravitational clocks. Two natural categories of metric theories embodying a cosmic infuence exist. The first category has geodesic equations of motion in atomic units, while the second category has geodesic equations of motion in gravitational units. Equations of motion for test bodies are derived for both categories of theories in the appropriate parametrized post-Newtonian limit and are applied to the Solar System. Ranging data to the Viking lander on Mars are of sufficient precision to reveal (1) if such a cosmological influence exists at the level of Hubble's constant, and (2) which category of theories is appropriate for a descripton of the phenomenon.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review D - Particles and Fields, 3rd Series (ISSN 0556-2821); 28; 1822-182
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  • 3
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    The X-ray pulsars 4U 1145-61 and 1E 1145.1-6141 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Observations of the neighboring X-ray pulsars 4U 1145-61 and 1E 1145.1-6141 obtained by OSO 8, HEAO 1 and the Einstein Observatory between 1975 and 1979 are reported. A temporal analysis of Einstein Solid State Spectrometer and Monitor Proportional Counter data, OSO 8 A and C detector data and HEAO 1 A-2(3) experiment data confirms the presence of two periodicites at 291 and 297 sec in the region, with the shorter period located within 3 arcmin of 4U 1145-61. Observations indicate the spectrum of 4U 1145-61 to obey a power law with an index of 1.5 out to at least 60 keV, with little variation with pulse phase, and a 500-eV EW iron line at 6.7 keV. The spectrum of the other source is found to be more absorbed. Similarities between the pulsars are noted, and it is suggested that they may be the result of pulsar formation in a homogeneous cloud of progenitors.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 239
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  • 4
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    X-ray spectra of the Crab pulsar and Nebula (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The X-ray spectra of the Crab pulsar and Crab Nebula are analyzed. Observations were made with OSO 8 on March 17-18, 1978, with all spacecraft telemetry assigned to one detector during seven dwell mode experiments. A resolution of 1.25 ms was obtained for pulse-height-analyzed counts in 64 channels. Progressive hardening and subsequent softening of the spectrum across the pulse was found. The fraction of the pulsed flux, exhibiting a spectral variability of about 0.14 was concentrated solely in the region between the two peaks. A model is suggested in which the pulsed X-ray emission from the Crab pulsar consists of two components: one is physically related to the double-peaked gamma-ray pulse and possibly to radio and optical pulses, but has no spectral dependence on the pulse phase, while the other exhibits spectral variability with the pulse phase but is confined to the interpeak emission seen with X-ray energies.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 246
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  • 5
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    X-ray observations of Algol (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Solid State Spectrometer on Einstein has been used to study Algol. Two observations six months apart were made, both including a primary optical eclipse. No corresponding X-ray eclipses were seen. During the second observation the source was flaring and was on the average a factor of three brighter. The spectrum on both occasions was consistent with a two-component thermal equilibrium model with temperatures of approximately 7.5 and 40 million degrees. Attempts to insert a third component indicate the temperature distribution to be bimodal. Models for the X-ray emission are discussed and it is suggested that it most likely originates from an active corona surrounding the K star.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 239
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  • 6
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    Detection of interstellar sodium hydroxide in self-absorption toward the galactic center (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A weak self-absorbed emission line, which is identified as the J = 4-3 transition of sodium hydroxide, has been detected in the direction of Sgr B2(OH). The correspondingly weak Sgr B2(QH) emission line U75406, previously reported as an unidentified spectral feature by other investigators, is consistent with the J = 3-2 transition of sodium hydroxide. This detection may represent the first evidence of a grain reaction formation mechanism for simple metal hydroxides. The detection of H62 Delta toward Orion A is also reported.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 262
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  • 7
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    HEAO 1 spectra of X-ray emitting Seyfert 1 galaxies (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper presents the 2-50-keV X-ray spectra and time variability information on seven Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 3783, NGC 4151, NGC 5548, NGC 6814, MK 509, MCG 8-11-11, and ESO 141-G55, obtained with the A2(2) experiment on HEAO 1. It is concluded that the spectra of Seyfert 1 galaxies can be well represented by flat power laws of high-temperature thermal breamsstrahlung models with relatively low column densities.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 235
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  • 8
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    Elemental abundances in a Type I supernova remnant (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The solid-state spectrometer (SSS) on the HEAO 2 (Einstein) X-ray observatory observed the X-ray spectrum of Tycho's SNR. The observations show a relative excess of line emission from Si, S, and Ar by not less than 6 compared to that expected from a plasma of solar composition in collisional equilibrium and by a factor of not less than 3 compared to Cas A. Similar excesses are not found for line emission from Mg and Fe. The data suggest that the SN observed by Tycho in 1572 produced significant amounts of Si group elements but did not eject large amounts of Fe as predicted by some models of Type I SN events.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 235
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  • 9
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    The diffuse X-ray background spectrum from 3 to 50 keV (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The spectrum of the extragalactic diffuse X-ray background has been measured with the GSFC Cosmic X-ray Experiment on HEAO 1 for regions of the sky away from known point sources and more than 20 deg from the galactic plane. A total exposure of 80 sq m-s-sr is available at present. Free-free emission from an optically thin plasma of 40 plus or minus 5 keV provides an excellent description of the observed spectrum from 3 to 50 keV. This spectral shape is confirmed by measurements from five separate layers of three independent detectors. With an estimated absolute precision of about 10%, the intensity of the emission at 10keV is 3.2 keV/keV/sq cm/s/sr, a value consistent with the average of previously reported spectra. A uniform hot intergalactic medium of approximately 36% of the closure density of the universe would produce such a flux, although nonuniform models indicating less total matter are probably more realistic.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 235
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  • 10
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    X-ray spectral constraints on the broad-line cloud geometry of NGC 4151 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: X-ray spectral data from NGC 4151 taken with the Einstein Solid-State Spectrometer (SSS) and the HEAO 1 A-2 experiment cannot be simply reconciled with absorption from a uniform column of cold gas. The SSS data can, however, be explained in terms of a clumped absorber with approximately 10% uncovered fraction and factor-of-two overabundances in Z equal to or greater than 14 elements relative to solar oxygen. It is shown that these and previously reported spectral and variability data can be quantitatively reconciled with absorption arising in the cold clouds responsible for the broad optical line emission if the cloud dimensions are small compared to the central source size. It is suggested that the lack of significant X-ray absorption observed from much higher luminosity Seyferts and quasars is a natural consequence of the proposed picture for NGC 4151.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 241
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