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  • ASTRONOMY  (4)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3)
  • LASERS AND MASERS  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (9)
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Radioastronomical observations of comets IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d) and Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa (1983e) (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Continuum and spectral-line radio observations of the comets IRAS-Araki-Alcock and Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa obtained at a number of observatories during May and June, 1983, are compiled in tables and briefly characterized. The species NH3, H2O, CO, and HCN are considered in detail; visible-range observations of CN are compared; and the implications of the results and the experience gained in performing and coordinating the observations for the detection of important species in other comets, especially Halley's Comet, are explored.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 60; 215-220
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Discovery of natural gain amplification in the 10-micrometer carbon dioxide laser bands on Mars - A natural laser (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Fully resolved intensity profiles of various lines in the carbon dioxide band at 10.4 micrometers have been measured on Mars with an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Analysis of the line shapes shows that the Mars atmosphere exhibits positive gain in these lines. The detection of natural optical gain amplification enables identification of these lines as a definite natural laser.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 3
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is an extremely useful tool for Doppler-limited studies of atomic and molecular lines in diverse astrophysical regions. The current state of the art is reviewed, and the analysis of CO2 lines in the atmosphere of Mars is outlined. Doppler-limited observations have enabled the discovery of natural laser emission in the mesosphere of Mars and the discovery of failure of local thermodynamic equilibrium near the surface of Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Optical Engineering; 21; Mar
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The excitation and distribution of CO (J = 6-5) emission in the Orion Nebula (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of the 691-GHz (J = 6-5) transition of CO in the BN/KL region of Orion obtained in February 1981, at the IR Telescope Facility at Mauna Kea are reported. The system employs a heterodyne receiver with an overall noise temperature of 3900 K DSB at 432 microns, 64 5-MHz IF-filter-bank channels, and a chopping secondary with 120-arcsec excursion, and has 35-arcsec resolution. Sample data are presented graphically and analyzed using a rate equation and a kinetic model. A 35 x 45-arcsec core with hot broad plateau emission (antenna temperature 180 + or - 36 K) surrounded by an area of strong narrow-line 120-K emission is found. It is suggested that the plateau emission originates in a wide thin sheet after a shock wave, with H2 density at least 10 to the 6th/cu cm and gas kinetic temperature greater than 500 K.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Acousto-optic spectrometer for radio astronomy (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A prototype acousto-optic spectrometer which uses a discrete bulk acoustic wave Itek Bragg cell, 5 mW Helium Neon laser, and a 1024 element Reticon charge coupled photodiode array is described. The analog signals from the photodiode array are digitized, added, and stored in a very high speed custom built multiplexer board which allows synchronous detection of weak signals to be performed. The experiment is controlled and the data are displayed and stored with an LSI-2 microcomputer system with dual floppy discs. The performance of the prototype acousto-optic spectrometer obtained from initial tests is reported.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Heterodyne Systems and Technol., Pt. 2; p 385-397
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Vibrational and rotational excitation of CO in comets. Part 1: Non-equilibrium calculations. Part 2: Results of the calculation for standard bright comet, comet Iras-Araki-Alcock and comet Halley (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The vibrational and rotational excitation of the CO molecule in cometary comae were investigated using a model which includes IR vibrational pumping by the solar flux, vibrational and rotational radiative decay, and collisional coupling among rotational states. Steady state was not assumed in solving the rate equations. The evolution of a shell of CO gas was monitored as it expanded from the nucleus into the outer coma. Collisional effects were treated using a kinetic temperature profile derived from theoretical work on the coma energy balance. The kinetic temperature was assumed to be extremely cold in the inner coma; this has significant consequences for the CO excitation. If optical depth effects are ignored, only low J transitions will be significantly excited in comets observed at high spatial resolution. Ground-based observations of CO co-vibrational and rotational transitions will be extremely difficult due to lack of sensitivity and/or terrestrial absorption. However, CO should be detectable from a large comet with favorable observing geometry if the CO is a parent molecule present at the 10% level (or greater) relative to H2O. Observations using cooled, spaceborne instruments should be capable of detecting CO emission from even moderately bright comets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-86122 , NAS 1.15:86122
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Discovery of natural gain amplification in the 10 muon m CO2 laser bands on Mars: The first definite natural laser (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Fully resolved intensity profiles of various lines in the CO2 bands at 9.4 micrometers and 10.4 micrometers were measured on Mars using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Analysis of the line shapes shows that the Mars atmosphere exhibits positive gain on these lines, providing the first definite detection of natural optical gain amplification and enabling identification of these lines as the first definite natural laser ever discovered.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: NASA-TM-82048
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Bulk and integrated acousto-optic spectrometers for molecular astronomy with heterodyne spectrometers (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A survey of acousto-optic spectrometers for molecular astronomy is presented, noting a technique of combining the acoustic bending of a collimated coherent light beam with a Bragg cell followed by an array of sensitive photodetectors. This acousto-optic spectrometer has a large bandwidth, a large number of channels, high resolution, and is energy efficient. Receiver development has concentrated on high-frequency heterodyne systems for the study of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium. RF spectrometers employing acousto-optic diffraction cells are described. Acousto-optic techniques have been suggested for applications to electronic warfare, electronic countermeasures and electronic support systems. Plans to use integrated optics for the further miniaturization of acousto-optic spectrometers are described. Bulk acousto-optic spectrometers with 300 MHz and 1 GHz bandwidths are being developed for use in the back-end of high-frequency heterodyne receivers for astronomical research.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Apr 21, 1981 - Apr 22, 1981; Washington, DC
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    433 micron laser heterodyne observations of galactic CO from Mauna Kea (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A submillimeter heterodyne radiometer, developed for astronomical applications, uses an optically pumped laser local oscillator and a quasi-optical Schottky diode mixer. The resultant telescope-mounted system, which has a noise temperature less than 4000 K (double sideband) and high frequency and spatial resolution, has been used to detect the J = 6 to 5 rotational transition of carbon monoxide at 434 micrometers in the Orion molecular clouds. The measurements, when compared with previous millimeter-wave data, indicate that the broad carbon monoxide emission feature is produced by an optically thin gas whose temperature exceeds 180 K.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Apr 21, 1981 - Apr 22, 1981; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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