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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 22, p. 3806, Accession no. A81-45890)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 2
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Johnson et al. (1982) have provided a detailed comparison between a thoroughly documented transonic flow with shock-induced separations and solutions of the flow using the Navier-Stokes equations. According to this comparison, there were several deficiencies in the computations. The present investigation takes into account new experimental data which have been obtained in a larger wind tunnel with the same test model for a wider range of freestream Mach numbers. The results of new Navier-Stokes computations using more compatible boundary conditions are shown, and the effects of the turbulence model choice on predicting Mach number trends are assessed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1001-100
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The two measurement systems were used to measure mean velocity and velocity, mass flux, and total temperature fluctuations in the turbulent boundary on the fuselage of a KC-135 aircraft. The boundary layer thickness ranged between about 20 and 30 cm for the range of flight Mach numbers from about 0.25 to 0.85 and Reynolds numbers between 3 and 6 x 10 to the 6th power/m. The adaptation of each system for use in airborne applications is discussed. The data obtained from each system are given and compared with each other and they indicate that the two systems represent viable ones for use in future airborne turbulence experiments.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Proc. of the Aero-Optics Symp. on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation from Aircraft; p 459-464
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The methods used and the results obtained in four aero-optic tests are summarized. It is concluded that the rather large values of density fluctuation appear to be the result of much higher Mach number than freestream and the violent turbulence in the flow as it separates from the turret. A representative comparison of fairing on-fairing off rms density fluctuation indicates essentially no effect at M = 0.62 and a small effect at M = 0.95. These data indicate that some slight improvement in optical quality can be expected with the addition of a fairing, although at M = 0.62 its effect would be nil. Fairings are very useful in controlling pressure loads on turrets, but will not have first order effects on optical quality. Scale sizes increase dramatically with increasing azimuth angle for a reprensentative condition. Since both scale sizes and fluctuation levels increase (total turbulence path length also increases) with azimuth angle, substantial optical degradation might be expected. For shorter wave lengths, large degradations occur.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Proc. of the Aero-Optics Symp. on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation from Aircraft; p 153-181
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Navier-Stokes calculations have been performed for a supercritical airfoil at a transonic design condition and at a subsonic condition. Wind-tunnel pressure-rail measurements were employed as boundary data in the calculations to account for wall-interference effects. A fine mesh was used so that most details of the flows were resolved, particular attention having been given to the trailing-edge region. Detailed comparisons are made with the experimental data. Good agreement was obtained on the airfoil except at the trailing edge where separation occurred. Flow details in the trailing-edge region are examined and differences are shown to be attributable to the turbulence model employed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 83-1688
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper deals with the salient phenomena of three-dimensional symmetric and asymmetric separated flows about typical forbodies at high angles of attack. Particular consideration is given to pressure, forces, and laser vapor screen measurements carried out on a 5-deg semiangle cone in a Mach 0.6 flow under turbulent conditions and supportive tests using a 16-deg semiangle tangent ogive.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 80-0183 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 14, 1980 - Jan 16, 1980; Pasadena, CA
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A new turbulence closure model designed specifically to treat two-dimensional, turbulent boundary layers with strong adverse pressure gradients and attendant separation, is presented. The influence of history effects are modeled by using an ordinary differential equation (ODE) derived from the turbulence kinetic-energy equation, to describe the streamwise development of the maximum Reynolds shear stress in conjunction with an assumed eddy-viscosity distribution which has as its velocity scale the maximum Reynolds shear stress. In the outer part of the boundary layer, the eddy viscosity is treated as a free parameter which is adjusted in order to satisfy the ODE for the maximum shear stress. Because of this, the model s not simply an eddy-viscosity model, but contains features of a Reynolds-stress model. Comparisons with experiments are presented which clearly show the proposed model to be superior to the Cebeci-Smith model in treating strongly retarded and separated flows. In contrast to two-equation, eddy-viscosity models, it requires only slightly more computational effort than simple models like the Cebeci-Smith model.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 84-0175
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The flow behavior within the upper-surface boundary layer and near wake of a supercritical airfoil operating at cruise conditions is discussed. Experimental results obtained from wind-tunnel tests are presented which provide a more detailed description of the flow in these regions than was previously available. Mean streamwise velocity profiles measured by pitot-pressure-probe and laser-velocimeter techniques were found to be in excellent agreement. Other mean-flow properties obtained by the laser-velocimeter technique were the local flow angles in the viscous layers and the static pressures at the edges of the boundary layer and wake. The data set also includes measurements of the turbulence intensity and turbulent Reynolds-stress distributions as obtained by the laser-velocimeter technique. To assess the effects of the shock wave, a less extensive set of measurements was realized at a subcritical test condition. The two test conditions (Mach number at free-stream conditions = 0.72, airfoil section lift coefficient = 0.76 and Mach number of free-stream conditions = 0.5, airfoil section lift coefficient = 0.75) provide a good test for state-of-the-art prediction methods because the upper-surface-boundary layer is separated just upstream of the trailing edge in both cases.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 81-1242 , Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Conference; Jun 23, 1981 - Jun 25, 1981; Palo Alto, CA
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  • 9
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Measurements of turbulent Reynolds stresses and mean velocities obtained by laser velocimetry for cases of transonic shock-induced separation are presented. These results are compared with solutions of the Reynolds-averaged time-independent compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Insufficient agreement between predictions and experimental results is attributed to the deficiencies in the models for the turbulence Reynolds stresses.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Symposium on Numerical and Physical Aspects of Aerodynamic Flows; Jan 19, 1981 - Jan 21, 1981; Long Beach, CA
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A combined experimental and numerical study was performed to include wind-tunnel wall interference effects in calculations for airfoil flows at transonic speeds. Pressure-survey-tube and laser-Doppler velocimeter measurements were made in the flow field about an airfoil in the 2- by 2-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel at Ames Research Center. The results were then used as boundary data in a Navier-Stokes code modified by incorporating a pressure condition on the upper and lower computational boundaries. Comparison of calculated results and experimental data obtained from the surface of the airfoil indicates that the pressure-boundary condition is particularly effective in moving the shock to a position near that observed experimentally when the flow remains attached. For flows with large separation, shock position and viscous-layer properties are not well predicted, principally because of the inadequacies of the algebraic turbulence models employed with the method.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 80-1366 , Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Conference; Jul 14, 1980 - Jul 16, 1980; Snowmass, CO
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