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  • GEOPHYSICS  (650)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (589)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (419)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (379)
  • 1980-1984  (2,037)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The dynamics of the polar thermosphere are examined by using observations made from the Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite. The results used in this study were obtained primarily from the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and the wind and temperature spectrometer (WATS) during the time period from September 1981 through January 1982. Two primary geophysical conditions were examined: these were the southern summer and the northern winter polar regions. The results support the conclusion that above 60 degrees of latitude the neutral winds are strongly controlled by ion/neutral frictional momentum transfer resulting from magnetospheric convection. This implies that the natural coordinate system within which to display the neutral winds in the high polar thermosphere is magnetic. The collected observations of this study were used to assess the validity of two of the large thermospheric general circulation models. The result of this assessment was that the models reasonably represent the vector winds at high altitudes but do not, at present, accurately simulate the thermodynamics of that regime.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5597-561
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Four successive thermite barium releases at an altitude of 965 km over polar cap invariant latitudes 84 to 76 deg near magnetic midnight were conducted from the orbiting second stage of the vehicle that launched Nimbus 7; the releases were made as part of the CAMEO (Chemically Active Material Ejected in Orbit) program. This was the first opportunity to observe the behavior of conventional barium release when conducted at orbital velocity in the near-earth magnetic field. The principal unexpected characteristic in the release dynamics was the high, 1.4 to 2.6 km/s, initial Ba(+) expansion velocity relative to an expected velocity of 0.9 km/s. Attention is also given to neutral cloud expansion, initial ion cloud expansion, convective motion, and the characteristics of field-aligned motion. The possibility of measuring parallel electric fields over the polar cap by observing perturbations in the motion of the visible ions is assessed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; May 1
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2014-09-16
    Description: Observations at the 2.6 mm line of CO reveal the presence of a large number of molecular clouds at high galactic latitude. If the velocity dispersion of the clouds is a measure of their scale height, the mean distance of the ensemble detected is 100 pc. The clouds are unusual in that either they are not gravitationally bound or they are very deficient in CO relative to molecular hydrogen. These clouds represent a heretofore unrecognized component of the local interstellar medium. If they are pervasive in the Milky Way, they probably represent the small molecular cloud component of the interstellar medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Local Interstellar Medium, No. 81; p 231-234
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The LIMS experiment was launched on the Nimbus 7 satellite for the purpose of sounding the vertical structure of temperature and key upper atmosphere trace gases on a global scale. The technique of thermal infrared limb sounding was used to obtain measurements of O3, H2O, NO2, and HNO3. LIMS collected data almost continuously from late October to late May over the latitude range from 64 deg S to 84 deg N. Two of the gases, NO2 and HNO3, are important elements in the NO(x) chain of chemical reactions leading to ozone destruction. Results for these gases are described in terms of zonal mean profiles and latitudinal distributions. The period selected for study is January-May 1979, when a major stratospheric warming occurred.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The LIMS experiment sounded the upper atmosphere from late October 1978 to late May 1979 and provided vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, 03, H2O, HNO3, and NO2. Radiance averaging was used before retrieval to measure the altitude distribution of NO2 over the altitude range from the lower stratosphere into the mesosphere. Observations in the polar winter night region northward of about 70 deg N reveal NO2 levels near 175 ppbv at about 70 km, and they show a significant longitudinal variability (factor of 4 to 7). A definite temporal trend exists, showing a buildup of mesospheric and stratospheric NO2 during the polar night and a subsequent slowing of the increase of decline after sunlight returns, depending on altitude. The data represent the first experimental evidence that the thermosphere is an NO(x) source for the mesosphere and stratosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 7267-727
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Approximately seven and one half months of stratospheric ozone profiles have been processed from the LIMS (Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere) experiment on the Nimbus 7 satellite. Data profiles cover the stratosphere and mesosphere from 100 to 0.1 mbar and from 84 degrees N to 64 degrees S latitude. Topics covered include the ozone channel characteristics, precision, systematic uncertainties, and comparisons with data from balloon and rocket underflights, Umkehr soundings, and Dobson measurements. Comparisons with Dobson total ozone are made by integrating combined LIMS plus balloon profiles. The estimated on-orbit precision is 0.02-0.16 ppmv. Simulations of the experiment indicate potential systematic uncertainties ranging from 15 percent in the 1-mbar region to an upper limit of 40 percent at 100 mbar and 0.1 mbar. Results are well within the uncertainties for the correlative sensors themselves. LIMS detects significant vertical structure in the ozone profile even below the ozone mixing ratio peak. Several other comparisons showing good agreement are noted.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5161-517
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) instrument on the Nimbus 7 spacecraft sensed limb emission profiles for 7 months, starting in October 1979. Vertical temperature profiles are inferred from measurements in two CO2 channels, and constituent profiles are obtained form the O3, HNO3, NO2, and water vapor channels. The line parameters used to calculate transmittances in the retrieval algorithm are presented. Their adequacy for LIMS and for other applications are assessed, and recommendations for future investigations are outlined.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5141-514
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The earth radiation budget as determined from the ERB experiment aboard the Nimbus-7 polar-orbiting satellite is presented in the form of time-latitude cross sections, hemispherically and globally averaged time plots, and annual global averages for the time period spanning November 1978 through October 1979. Comparisons are made between results derived from the fixed wide-field-of-view (WFOV) radiometers and those derived from the scanning narrow-field-of-view (NFOV) radiometers. While there is excellent agreement in regard to the spatial and temporal variations, the absolute magnitudes differ. The NFOV yields outgoing longwave fluxes and albedos that are about 4W/sq m and 2.5 percent, respectively, greater than those derived from the WFOV sensors. Also, limited simultaneous comparisons are made between ERB results and those from the AVHRR on the NOAA-7 operational satellite.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 4997-501
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Results of a low speed test conducted in the Full Scale Tunnel at NASA Langley using an advanced supersonic cruise vehicle configuration are presented. These tests used a 10 percent scale model of a configuration that had demonstrated high aerodynamic performance at Mach 2.2 during a previous test program. The low speed model has leading and trailing edge flaps designed to improve low speed lift to drag ratios at high lift and includes devices for longitudinal and lateral/directional control. The results obtained during the low speed test program have shown that full span leading edge flaps are required for maximum performance. The amount of deflection of the leading edge flap must increase with C sub L to obtain the maximum benefit. Over 80 percent of full leading edge suction was obtained up to lift off C sub L's of 0.65. A mild pitch up occurred at about 6 deg angle of attack with and without the leading edge flap deflected. The pitch up is controllable with the horizontal tail. Spoilers were found to be preferable to spoiler/deflectors at low speeds. The vertical tail maintained effectiveness up to the highest angle of attack tested but the tail on directional stability deteriorated at high angles of attack. Lateral control was adequate for landing at 72 m/sec in a 15.4 m/sec crosswind.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supersonic Cruise Res. 1979, Pt. 1; p 35-57
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: PAN AIR is a computer program that predicts subsonic or supersonic linear potential flow about arbitrary configurations. The code's versatility and generality afford numerous possibilities for modeling flow problems. Although this generality provides great flexibility, it also means that studies are required to establish the dos and don'ts of modeling. The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate a variety of methods for modeling flows with PAN AIR. The areas discussed are effects of panel density, internal flow modeling, forebody modeling in subsonic flow, propeller slipstream modeling, effect of wake length, wing-tail-wake interaction, effect of trailing-edge paneling on the Kutta condition, well- and ill-posed boundary-value problems, and induced-drag calculations. These nine topics address problems that are of practical interest to the users of PAN AIR.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 83-1830
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