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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72 ; 72.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The parallel and transverse components of diffusion constants of electrons in CdTe have been computed for fields of 30, 40, and 50 kV/cm using the Monte Carlo method. Results are presented for the velocity autocorrelation function and for the ac diffusion constants for two models of energy band structure and scattering constants, used earlier in the literature. The diffusion constants as obtained from the two models are significantly different, but none are in agreement with the available experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72 ; 72.70 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Auto-correlation functions of the fluctuations in the electron velocities transverse and parallel to the applied electric field are calculated by the Monte Carlo method for GaAs and InP at three different values of field strength which are around three times the threshold field for negative differential mobility in each case. From these the frequency-dependent diffusion coefficients transverse and parallel to the applied field and the figure of merit for noise performance when used in a microwave amplifying device are determined. The results indicate that the transverse auto-correlation functionC t (s) falls nearly exponentially to zero with increasing intervals while the parallel functionC p (s) falls sharply, attains a minimum and then rises towards zero. In each case a higher field gives a higher rate of fall and makes the correlation functions zero within a shorter interval. The transverses diffusion coefficient falls monotonically with the frequency but the parallel diffusion coefficient generally starts with a low value at low frequencies, rises to a maximum and then falls. InP, with a larger separation between the central and the satellite valleys, has a higher value of the low frequency transverse diffusion coefficient and a lower value of its parallel counterpart. The noise performance of microwave semiconductor amplifying devices depends mainly on the low frequency parallel diffusion constant and consequently devices made out of materials like InP with a large separation between valleys are likely to have better noise characteristics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.20 ; 72.60 ; 85.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transient velocity-field characteristics have been computed for GaAs channels having lengths of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 20 μm for electric fields between 1 and 50 kV/cm at 300 K. The results are compared with earlier calculations and the significant features of the computed results are discussed. It is found that the electron motion for all channel lengths and for all fields is significantly affected by collisions. The threshold field for negative differential mobility increases, and the magnitude of the differential mobility decreases with decrease in the length of the sample. The maximum steady-state velocity increases with decrease in the length and may be as high as 5.4×107 cm/s for 0.1 μm samples.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 131-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72 ; 72.20 ; 72.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method has been developed for determining the auto-correlation functions of the fluctuations in the transverse and the parallel components of hot carrier-velocity in a semiconductor by Monte Carlo simulation. The functions for electrons in InSb are determined by this method for applied electric fields of 50 V/cm, 75 V/cm, and 100 V/cm. With increasing value of the time interval the transverse auto-correlation function falls nearly exponentially to zero, but the parallel function falls sharply to a negative peak, then rises to positive values and finally becomes zero. The interval beyond which the auto-correlation function is zero and the correlation time are also evaluated. The correlation time is found to be approximately 1.6 times the relaxation time calculated from the chord mobility. The effect of the flight sampling time on the value of variance of the displacement, is investigated in terms of the low frequency diffusion constants, determined from the variation of the correlation functions. It is found that the diffusion constants become independent of the sampling time if it is of the order of one hundred times the relaxation time. The frequency-dependent diffusion constants are calculated from the correlation functions. The transverse diffusion constant falls monotonically with frequency for all the field strengths studied. The parallel diffusion constant has similar variation for the lower fields (50 V/cm and 75 V/cm) but it has a peak at about 44 GHz for the field of 100 V/cm.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72 ; 72.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Monte-Carlo results on the velocity-field characteristics, ac diffusion-constant and thermal-noise voltages are presented for In0.765Ga0.235As0.5P0.5 at 300K. Recently available values of physical constants have been used in the calculations. The values of diffusion constants are close to those of InP but the thermal noise voltages are found to increase faster with the field. The peak velocity is 1.9 × 107 cm/s and the threshold field for negative differential mobility is about 6 kV/cm.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72 ; 72.70 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thermal noise in Hg0.795Cd0.205Te detectors is estimated for large biasing fields at a lattice temperature of 77 K, by computing the correlation functions of the velocity fluctuations with the Monte Carlo technique. The noise temperature for current components transverse to the field is almost independent of the field, but that corresponding to the parallel component increases by a factor of about 1.3 at 50 V/cm and by a factor of 3.0 at 300V/cm. The thermal noise voltage for a detector of 85Ω resistance increases from 0.6nV/Hz1/2 at low biasing fields to about 3nV/Hz1/2 at a field of 300 V/cm. The noise power is also found to remain constant up to about 75 GHz, and it decreases thereafter by a factor of 0.25 for doubling of the frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 19 (1980), S. 347-355 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié par analyse thermique différentielle la cinétique de la cristallisation du tungstate de strontium à partir du tungstate de sodium fondu dans des creusets de platine à des températures de cristallisation:T 0=800°, 900° et 1000° sous refroidissement continu à des vitessesR T =40, 120 et 200° par heure. Les noyaux hétérogènes formés initialement sur les particules de platinate du métal dans la solution pendant les périodes d'induction (¯t) grossissent en petits cristallites (¯l). La croissance principale des cristaux commence après le développement d'une concentration d'excès de la substance solubilisée (Δ¯C) à la fin des tempé ratures d'induction (¯T). Pour les premiers 80 p. c. de cristallisation, les longueurs moyennes (l τ) des cristaux variaient avec le temps de croissance (τ) selon la relation: $$l_\tau ^2 = (\bar l)^2 + 4\bar k_{D_1 } M\Delta \bar C$$ ,où $$\bar k_{D1} $$ est la constante de vitesse de la diffusion à des températures proches de¯T etM est le poids moléculaire du sel métallique. Les vitesses de croissance initiale et les rapportsl τ 2 /τ. dépendent deΔ¯C et non deR T. La vitesse des derniers 20 p.c. de croissance n'est contrôlée que par la vitesse du développement de l'excès de concentration de la substance solubilisée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Kristallisation von Strontiumwolframat aus Natrium-wolframat-Schmelzen in Platintiegeln wurde durch Differentialthermoanalyse bei den KristallisationstemperaturenT 0=800°, 900° und 1000° unter kontinuierlichem Kühlen bei GeschwindigkeitenR T=40°, 120° und 200° pro Stunde untersucht. Die heterogenen Kerne, welche sich auf den Metallplatinat-Teilchen in der Lösung während Induktionsperioden (t) zuerst gebildet hatten wuchsen zu kleinen Kristalliten (¯l) heran. Das Hauptkristallwachstum begann nach der Entwicklung einer überschüssigen Konzentration an gelöster Substanz (Δ¯C) am Ende der Induktionstemperaturen (¯T). Für die ersten 80% der Kristallisation variierten die durchschnittlichen Kristallängen (l τ ) mit der Wachstumszeit (τ) dem Zusammenhang $$l_\tau ^2 = (\bar l)^2 + + 4\bar k_{D_1 } M\Lambda \bar C$$ entsprechend, wobei $$\bar k_{D_1 } $$ die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Diffusion bei Temperaturen in der Nähe von ¯T ist undM das Molekulargewicht des Metallsalzes. Die anfänglichen Wachstumsgeschwindigkeiten und die Verhältnisse l τ 2 /τ waren von Δ¯C abhängig anstatt vonR T. Die letzten 20% des Wachstums waren nur durch die Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit der überschüssigen Konzentration der gelösten Substanz geschwindigkeitsbedingt.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of strontium tungstate crystallization from sodium tungstate melts in platinum crucibles were studied by differential thermal analysis at crystallization temperaturesT 0=800, 900 and 1000° by continuous cooling at ratesR T=40, 120 and 200° per hour. Heterogeneous nuclei that first formed on the metal platinate particles in the solution during the induction periods (t) grew to small crystallites (¯l). The main crystal growth started after the development of some excess solute concentration (Δ¯C) at the end of the induction temperatures (¯T). For the first 80% crystallization, the average crystal lengths (l τ ) varied with the growth time (τ) according to the relation $$l_\tau ^2 = (\bar l)^2 + + 4\bar k_{D_1 } M\Delta \bar C$$ where $$\bar k_{D1} $$ is the diffusion rate constant at temperatures nearT, andM is the metal salt molecular weight. The initial growth rates and the ratiosl τ 2 /τ depended onΔ¯C instead ofR T The last 20% growth was controlled only by the rate of development of the excess solute concentration.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 30 (1984), S. 375-386 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A diagnostic model is a relatively simple and practical tool for modeling the wind flow of the boundary layer in complex terrain. The model begins with a wind analysis based on available surface wind reports and geostrophic winds (computed from pressure data). The height of the boundary layer top (upper surface of the computational domain) is prescribed to fit local conditions. Using the continuity equation in terrain-following coordinates, the winds at mesh points are adjusted to produce nondivergence while maintaining the original vertical component of vorticity. The method of computing the nondivergent winds uses “direct alterations.” This method may be useful for other modeling purposes and will be described. Data for a long period (usually a year) are analyzed to obtain eigenvectors and the associated time series of their coefficients at each observation time. The model is run only for the five or six eigenvectors that explain most of the variance. The wind field at any particular time is reconstructed from the eigenvector solutions and their appropriate coefficients. Comparisons of model results with measured winds at sites representing different types of terrain will be shown. The accuracy and economy of the model make it a useful tool for estimating wind energy and also for giving wind fields for low-level diffusion models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current microbiology 7 (1982), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Denitrification potentials of epilithic microbial populations were assessed using the acetylene inhibition method, in which acetylene is used to block the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) to nitrogen (N2). Samples of the epilithic community were incubated in filtered river water containing modified Bushnell-Haas salts, glycerol, and yeast extract—under aerobic (0.2 atm O2) and anaerobic (0.2 atm He) acetylene atmospheres. N2O was produced under both atmospheres only if exogenous nitrate of nitrite was added. Denitrification potentials were typically higher when nitrite was the added electron acceptor. The rates of denitrification were temperature-and carbon-dependent and the maximum rate, 8.53 μg N2O−N per cm2 per day occurred at 23°C when nitrite was the electron acceptor.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1982-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0947-8396
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0630
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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